标题： 巨质量黑洞在星系核心的起源与演化 显示英文标题

标题： Origin and Evolution of Massive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

摘要： 毫无疑问，黑洞普遍存在于大多数正常星系的核区。 近年来，对黑洞质量的动力学测量改变了它们的功能和演化的研究。 特别是，将同时测量的黑洞质量与遥远类星体的特性联系起来，可以限制黑洞及其宿主星系共同演化的模型。 有人提出，黑洞的增长是辐射主导且需求受限的，其e折叠时间为$\sim40$ Myr，并且大部分本地黑洞质量是在红移z>2的活动星系核中形成的，这些活动星系核的对应体今天并未被直接观测到。 黑洞双星具有额外的特征和可观测后果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Beyond all reasonable doubt, black holes are commonly found in the nuclei of most normal galaxies. In recent years, dynamical measurements of hole masses have transformed the study of their functioning and evolution. In particular, relating their masses, as measured contemporaneously, to the properties of distant quasars can constrain models of the combined evolution of black holes and their host galaxies. It is suggested that black hole growth is radiation-dominated and demand-limited with an e-folding time of $\sim40$ Myr and that most local black hole mass was assembled in AGN with redshifts, z>2, whose counterparts are not directly observed today. Black hole binaries have additional features and observable consequences.