标题： 原初黑洞和原初核合成 I：低质量黑洞强子注入的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Primordial Black Holes and Primordial Nucleosynthesis I: Effects of Hadron Injection from Low Mass Holes

摘要： 我们研究了在原初核合成时期早期（t = 10^{-3} - 10^4 秒）蒸发的原初黑洞（PBHs）产生的强子注入的影响。释放的夸克-反夸克对或胶子立即碎片化为大量强子，并与由光子、电子和核子组成的热等离子体发生散射。对于相对低质量的黑洞，我们指出主要效应是通过由释放的强子引起的强相互作用，环境中的质子和中子之间相互转换。即使在中子和质子之间的弱相互作用冻结之后，仍会产生更多中子，合成的轻元素丰度可能会发生显著变化。将理论预测与观测数据进行比较，我们限定了PBH的密度及其寿命。 我们得到PBH初始质量分数的上限，\beta < 10^{-20}对于10^8 g < M < 10^{10}g，以及\beta < 10^{-22}对于10^{10}g < M < 3 * 10^{10}g。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the influence of hadron injection from evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early stage of the primordial nucleosynthesis era (t = 10^{-3} - 10^4 sec). The emitted quark-antiquark pairs or gluons immediately fragment into a lot of hadrons and scatter off the thermal plasma which is constituted by photons, electrons and nucleons. For the relatively low mass holes we point out that the dominant effect is the inter-conversion between ambient proton and neutron through the strong interaction induced by the emitted hadrons. Even after the freeze-out time of the week interactions between neutron and proton, more neutrons are produced and the synthesized light element abundances could be drastically changed. Comparing the theoretical predictions with the observational data, we constrain the PBH's density and their lifetime. We obtain the upper bound for PBH's initial mass fraction, \beta < 10^{-20} for 10^8 g < M < 10^{10} g, and \beta < 10^{-22} for 10^{10} g < M < 3 * 10^{10} g.