标题： 宇宙模型量子化中的时间和规范不变性问题。 II. 路径积分方法的最新进展 显示英文标题

标题： The problem of time and gauge invariance in the quantization of cosmological models. II. Recent developments in the path integral approach

摘要： 本文是关于量子宇宙学中时间问题的系列工作的第二部分。 在这里，我们详细考虑了费曼路径积分方案范围内的两种方法：第一种是由Simeone及其合作者提出的方法，它是规范不变的，并且属于引力一致量子化的一个单位方法。 它本质上基于去参数化（减少到物理自由度）的思想，作为量化之前的第一步。 另一种方法是由Savchenko、Shestakova和Vereshkov提出的，这种方法更为激进。 它试图考虑到宇宙作为一个没有渐近态的系统的特殊性，这导致了这样的结论：为这种系统构建的量子几何动力学一般来说是一种规范非不变的理论。 然而，该理论被证明在数学上是一致的，并且在该理论中自然地解决了时间问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The paper is the second part of the work devoted to the problem of time in quantum cosmology. Here we consider in detail two approaches within the scope of Feynman path integration scheme: The first, by Simeone and collaborators, is gauge-invariant and lies within the unitary approach to a consistent quantization of gravity. It is essentially based on the idea of deparametrization (reduction to physical degrees of freedom) as a first step before quantization. The other approach by Savchenko, Shestakova and Vereshkov is rather radical. It is an attempt to take into account peculiarities of the Universe as a system without asymptotic states that leads to the conclusion that quantum geometrodynamics constructed for such a system is, in general, a gauge-noninvariant theory. However, this theory is shown to be mathematically consistent and the problem of time is solved in this theory in a natural way.