标题： 黑洞的量子特性 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum character of black holes

摘要： 黑洞是广义相对论的极端表现形式，因此人们或许会期望奇异的量子效应在其附近被放大，从而可能为量子引力提供线索。 然而，目前普遍接受的关于黑洞周围物理现象的量子修正处理方式，对此希望所提供的鼓励却十分有限。 预测出的修正非常微小（对于宏观黑洞而言）：只有低能热辐射的微弱流，几乎不会扰动黑洞的经典结构。 在这里，我主张必须对这种普遍接受的处理方式进行重大修订。 我证明了，当考虑到场之间的相互作用时（这些相互作用在早期的研究中大多被忽略），所描绘的画面将会完全不同。 不仅产生低能辐射，而且在引力坍缩区域还会产生超高能量子。 这些量子的能量呈指数级增长，因此等到可以说黑洞已经形成时，它们已经超过了普朗克尺度，在这个尺度上量子引力必然占主导地位。 黑洞的周围是观测量子引力的窗口。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Black holes are extreme manifestations of general relativity, so one might hope that exotic quantum effects would be amplified in their vicinities, perhaps providing clues to quantum gravity. The commonly accepted treatment of quantum corrections to the physics around the holes, however, has provided only limited encouragement of this hope. The predicted corrections have been minor (for macroscopic holes): weak fluxes of low-energy thermal radiation which hardly disturb the classical structures of the holes. Here, I argue that this accepted treatment must be substantially revised. I show that when interactions among fields are taken into account (they were largely neglected in the earlier work) the picture that is drawn is very different. Not only low-energy radiation but also ultra-energetic quanta are produced in the gravitationally collapsing region. The energies of these quanta grow exponentially quickly, so that by the time the hole can be said to have formed, they have passed the Planck scale, at which quantum gravity must become dominant. The vicinities of black holes are windows on quantum gravity.