标题： 狄拉克和弗里德曼在辐射量子宇宙中的可观测量 显示英文标题

标题： Dirac and Friedmann Observables in Quantum Universe with Radiation

摘要： 膨胀宇宙的弗里德曼可观测量与广义哈密顿方法中的狄拉克可观测量之间的关系在模拟辐射的场激发的宇宙弗里德曼宇宙学模型中得到了确立。通过无规范约化的方法，物理部分与规范部分被完全分离，在这种方法中，能量约束的引力部分被视为一个新的动量。我们证明这种约化消除了哈特尔-霍金泛函积分中的无限因子，使惠勒-德维特波函数具有可归一性，澄清了它与观测宇宙学的关系，并选择出了纳尔利卡ar的共形框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Relations between the Friedmann observables of the expanding Universe and the Dirac observables in the generalized Hamiltonian approach are established for the Friedmann cosmological model of the Universe with the field excitations imitating radiation. A full separation of the physical sector from the gauge one is fulfilled by the method of the gaugeless reduction in which the gravitational part of the energy constraint is considered as a new momentum. We show that this reduction removes an infinite factor from the Hartle -- Hawking functional integral, provides the normalizability of the Wheeler -- DeWitt wave function, clarifies its relation to the observational cosmology, and picks out a conformal frame of Narlikar.