标题： 测量双黑洞并合产生的引力波：II. 波的信息及其提取，使用模板和不使用模板 显示英文标题

标题： Measuring gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences: II. the waves' information and its extraction, with and without templates

摘要： 我们讨论了从探测到的双黑洞（BBH）并合引力波中提取信息的方法，重点集中在渐进式旋近之后和回弹振荡之前发生的并合阶段。我们的研究结果如下：(1) 如果数值相对论模拟在LIGO/VIRGO探测到BBH之前尚未产生模板并合波形，则可以对并合波形进行带通滤波。对于通过旋近波形被探测到的质量小于约40个太阳质量的BBH，带通滤波信号与噪声比表明，对于初始和先进的LIGO干涉仪，这些并合波形通常应该勉强能够在噪声中显现。(2) 我们推导出一种优化的最大似然方法，用于从噪声检测器输出中提取最佳拟合的并合波形；该方法“正交投影”此输出至一个函数空间（使用小波指定），以结合我们对波形的先验知识。该方法的扩展形式允许从多个干涉仪的输出中提取BBH的两个独立波形。(3) 如果数值相对论学家开发了生成并合模板代码，但运行代码的成本过高，无法进行全面的参数空间调查，则进行粗略的空间调查以确定几个关键参数的范围，并探索我们描述的几个定性问题，这将有助于数据分析目的。(4) 一套完整的模板可用于测试广义相对论的非线性动力学，并测量一些二元参数。我们估计可以从并合波形中获得的信息量（对于LIGO/VIRGO约为10到60，对于LISA可达200），估算由于模板数值误差或模板网格稀疏性导致的信息损失，并推断出对模板精度和间距的近似要求。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss the extraction of information from detected binary black hole (BBH) coalescence gravitational waves, focusing on the merger phase that occurs after the gradual inspiral and before the ringdown. Our results are: (1) If numerical relativity simulations have not produced template merger waveforms before BBH detections by LIGO/VIRGO, one can band-pass filter the merger waves. For BBHs smaller than about 40 solar masses detected via their inspiral waves, the band pass filtering signal to noise ratio indicates that the merger waves should typically be just barely visible in the noise for initial and advanced LIGO interferometers. (2) We derive an optimized (maximum likelihood) method for extracting a best-fit merger waveform from the noisy detector output; one "perpendicularly projects" this output onto a function space (specified using wavelets) that incorporates our prior knowledge of the waveforms. An extension of the method allows one to extract the BBH's two independent waveforms from outputs of several interferometers. (3) If numerical relativists produce codes for generating merger templates but running the codes is too expensive to allow an extensive survey of the merger parameter space, then a coarse survey of this parameter space, to determine the ranges of the several key parameters and to explore several qualitative issues which we describe, would be useful for data analysis purposes. (4) A complete set of templates could be used to test the nonlinear dynamics of general relativity and to measure some of the binary parameters. We estimate the number of bits of information obtainable from the merger waves (about 10 to 60 for LIGO/VIRGO, up to 200 for LISA), estimate the information loss due to template numerical errors or sparseness in the template grid, and infer approximate requirements on template accuracy and spacing.