标题： 黑洞能否在宇宙诞生时形成？ 显示英文标题

标题： Can Black Hole be Created at the Birth of the Universe?

摘要： 我们研究了（反）de Sitter空间背景下黑洞对的量子产生。 这些属于Kerr-Newman族的黑洞对是由约束瞬子产生的。 在无电荷且不旋转的情况下（$WKB$水平），相对产生概率是宇宙熵的负指数。 对于该族的其余情况，产生概率是一季度内外黑洞视界面积总和的负指数的指数。 由于开放宇宙缺乏一般性的无边界提议，我们将封闭宇宙和开放宇宙的产生方式视为相同。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We study the quantum creation of black hole pairs in the (anti-)de Sitter space background. These black hole pairs in the Kerr-Newman family are created from constrained instantons. At the $WKB$ level, for the chargeless and nonrotating case, the relative creation probability is the exponential of (the negative of) the entropy of the universe. Also for the remaining cases of the family, the creation probability is the exponential of (the negative of) one quarter of the sum of the inner and outer black hole horizon areas. In the absence of a general no-boundary proposal for open universes, we treat the creations of the closed and the open universes in the same way.