标题： 临界气泡和电弱相变中的涨落 显示英文标题

标题： Critical Bubbles and Fluctuations at the Electroweak Phase Transition

摘要： 我们使用希格斯场 $\varphi$的有效高温三维作用量来讨论电弱相变的临界气泡。 规范玻色子和戈德斯通玻色子自由度的单独积分在 't Hooft-Feynman 协变背景规范中被方便地描述。 破缺相中的有效无量纲规范耦合 $g_3(T)^2$在整个相变过程中表现良好。 然而，希格斯和规范动能项的一圈 $Z(\varphi)$因子的行为表明，在随着希格斯质量 $m_H$增加的小 $\varphi$值范围内，导数展开和微扰展开都失效。 在鞍点附近的一些邻域中，我们采用具有常数 $Z(\varphi)=z$的泛函 $S_z[\varphi]$代替完整的非局部有效作用量，计算了几个温度下的临界气泡。 使用热核方法的一种变体，高精度地计算了涨落行列式。 与之前的估计相比，它对转变率有显著抑制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss the critical bubbles of the electroweak phase transition using an effective high-temperature 3-dimensional action for the Higgs field $\varphi$. The separate integration of gauge and Goldstone boson degrees of freedom is conveniently described in the 't Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge. The effective dimensionless gauge coupling $g_3(T)^2$ in the broken phase is well behaved throughout the phase transition. However, the behavior of the one-loop $Z(\varphi)$ factors of the Higgs and gauge kinetic terms signalizes the breakdown of the derivative expansion and of the perturbative expansion for a range of small $\varphi$ values increasing with the Higgs mass $m_H$. Taking a functional $S_z[\varphi]$ with constant $Z(\varphi)=z$ instead of the full non-local effective action in some neighborhood of the saddlepoint we are calculating the critical bubbles for several temperatures. The fluctuation determinant is calculated to high accuracy using a variant of the heat kernel method. It gives a strong suppression of the transition rate compared to previous estimates.