标题： 不可判定的经典观测者性质 显示英文标题

标题： Undecidable classical properties of observers

摘要： 一个系统的性质如果被测试观察所确认，并且能够肯定地得出结论，则该性质被称为实际性质。 我们通过假设测量结果与被观测系统状态之间的关联，并将其编码为观测者在测量相互作用结束时状态的实际性质来形式化这一观察行为。 对于一个实际性质，观测结果必须肯定地确认这一性质，因此在这种情况下，相关性需要是完美的。 如果一个性质或者它的否定可以被确认为实际性质，则该性质被称为经典性质。 通过对角线论证法证明，存在某些经典性质是观察者无法完美观测到的。 由于状态被定义为其所有实际性质的集合，因此没有观察者能够完全观察到自己的状态。 文中还简要讨论了这一结论对量子测量问题的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A property of a system is called actual, if the observation of the test that pertains to that property, yields an affirmation with certainty. We formalize the act of observation by assuming that the outcome correlates with the state of the observed system and is codified as an actual property of the state of the observer at the end of the measurement interaction. For an actual property, the observed outcome has to affirm that property with certainty, hence in this case the correlation needs to be perfect. A property is called classical if either the property or its negation is actual. It is shown by a diagonal argument that there exist classical properties of an observer that he cannot observe perfectly. Because states are identified with the collection of properties that are actual for that state, it follows that no observer can perfectly observe his own state. Implications for the quantum measurement problem are briefly discussed.