高能物理 - 现象学
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- [1] arXiv:2505.23892 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 使用 DSA-2000 研究超越标准模型的物理学标题： Physics beyond the Standard Model with the DSA-2000Kim V. Berghaus, Yufeng Du, Vincent S. H. Lee, Anirudh Prabhu, Robert Reischke, Liam Connor, Kathryn M. Zurek评论： 37页，12幅图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO)
即将建成的深综合阵列2000（DSA-2000）将在$0.7-2$GHz（$2.9 - 8.3 \, \mu$eV）频段绘制射电天空图，其灵敏度前所未有。 这将使我们能够搜索暗物质以及其他超出标准模型的物理现象，我们研究了四种情况：轴子、暗光子、暗物质亚晕和中微子质量。 我们预测了DSA-2000通过两种机制探测轴子的潜力，这两种机制位于中子星磁层中：轴子暗物质的光子转换以及轴子云的射电辐射，并且首次开发了后者的分析处理方法。 我们还预测了DSA-2000对从黑洞超辐射中发现动能混合暗光子的灵敏度，通过脉冲星计时约束暗物质子结构和第五种力，并通过快速射电暴色散测量改进宇宙学中中微子质量推断。 我们的分析表明，在计划运行的五年内，DSA-2000可能达到对QCD轴子参数的灵敏度，将紧凑型暗物质的当前限制提高一个数量级，并将宇宙弱引力透镜中微子质量的约束提高三倍。
The upcoming Deep Synoptic Array 2000 (DSA-2000) will map the radio sky at $0.7-2$ GHz ($2.9 - 8.3 \, \mu$eV) with unprecedented sensitivity. This will enable searches for dark matter and other physics beyond the Standard Model, of which we study four cases: axions, dark photons, dark matter subhalos and neutrino masses. We forecast DSA-2000's potential to detect axions through two mechanisms in neutron star magnetospheres: photon conversion of axion dark matter and radio emission from axion clouds, developing the first analytical treatment of the latter. We also forecast DSA-2000's sensitivity to discover kinetically mixed dark photons from black hole superradiance, constrain dark matter substructure and fifth forces through pulsar timing, and improve cosmological neutrino mass inference through fast radio burst dispersion measurements. Our analysis indicates that in its planned five year run the DSA-2000 could reach sensitivity to QCD axion parameters, improve current limits on compact dark matter by an order of magnitude, and enhance cosmological weak lensing neutrino mass constraints by a factor of three.
- [2] arXiv:2505.24070 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 地球核心能否被黑暗烈焰融化？标题： Can a Dark Inferno Melt Earth's Core?评论： 正文：6页，6个图。附录：1页，2个图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 地球与行星天体物理学 (astro-ph.EP)
寻找暗物质是粒子物理和宇宙学中关键的未解问题之一。 如果暗物质与标准模型粒子发生散射，它可能会在地球内部积聚并开始湮灭，在地核中产生热量。 虽然过去的研究已经探讨了这种热量一旦到达地表会产生什么影响，但我们通过数值求解热传导方程来模拟地球内核中的热流，从而研究暗物质对行星内部的影响。 我们计算了地核达到热平衡所需的时间，并表明对于广泛的暗物质参数范围，大量地核会因暗物质湮灭而熔化。 我们的分析为地球内部暗物质湮灭提供了新的限制条件，指出了在研究暗物质导致的行星加热时必须考虑的重要新效应，并提出了可能在系外行星群体中寻找的新暗物质观测特征。
The search for dark matter is one of the crucial open problems in both particle physics and cosmology. If dark matter scatters with Standard Model particles, it could accumulate inside the Earth and begin to annihilate, producing heat within the Earth's core. While past work has been done on the effect that this heat would have once it reached the surface, we model the flow of heat through the Earth's core by numerically solving the heat equation to model dark matter's effect on the interior of the planet. We compute how long it takes for the core to come into thermal equilibrium and show that for a wide range of dark matter parameters, a substantial fraction of the inner core would be melted by dark matter annihilation. Our analysis produces new limits on dark matter annihilating in the Earth, points out important new effects that must be considered when studying planetary heating by dark matter, and suggests new dark matter observables that could be searched for in exoplanet populations.
- [3] arXiv:2505.24256 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： GPU上实现的Zippel方法用于费曼积分重建标题： GPU Implementation of Zippel Method for Feynman Integral Reconstruction主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
Zippel算法对多元多项式进行有理重构，并且专门针对稀疏情况。它被应用于科学的不同领域，在最近成为基本粒子物理学中费曼积分约化的重要步骤。在某些涉及多个变量的情况下，它可能会成为整个计算的瓶颈，因此需要不同的优化。本文描述了我们将经典的Zippel算法及其有理函数的平衡版本移植到图形处理单元上，并在多个GPU上执行其评估。
The Zippel algorithm performs a rational reconstruction of multivariate polynomials and aims specifically at the sparse case. It is applied in different fields of science, lately becoming an important step in Feynman integral reduction in elementary particle physics. In some cases with multiple variables it might become a bottleneck for the whole evaluation so that different optimizations are required. In this paper we describe how we ported the classical Zippel algorithm together with its balanced version for rational functions to graphical processor units and perform its evaluation on several GPUs.
- [4] arXiv:2505.24338 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 证据对直接$\mathbf{CP}$违背在$D\to π^+π^-$衰变中的启示标题： Implications of the evidence for direct $\mathbf{CP}$ violation in $D\to π^+π^-$ decays评论： 6页，10幅图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)
在$D\to K^+K^-$和$D\to \pi^+\pi^-$的 CP 不对称性差异中观测到的 CP 破坏现象引发了争论，即观测到的不对称性是否可以被视为超出标准模型（SM）物理的信号。 在这封信中，我们表明对于$D\to \pi\pi$测得的可观测量明确地暗示了一个非常大的 Penguin 贡献，该贡献比$D^0\to\pi^+ \pi^-$的幅度的$10\%$大得多，且显著性超过$3.3\sigma$。 我们基于散射振幅的幺正性提出了论据，以表明大的 Penguin 很可能不是由散射引起的，而是更可能指示了超出标准模型的物理。 在一种模型无关的方法中，我们展示了来自具有大弱相位的超出标准模型的微小贡献如何缓解了这一问题。
The observation of CP violation in the difference of CP asymmetries between $D\to K^+K^-$ and $D\to \pi^+\pi^-$ has raised a debate whether the observed asymmetries can be regarded as a signal of physics beyond the standard model (SM). In this letter we show that the measured observables for $D\to \pi\pi$ unambiguously imply a very large penguin contribution that is larger than $10\%$ of the amplitude for $D^0\to\pi^+ \pi^-$ at a significance greater than $3.3\sigma$. We present arguments based only on unitarity of re-scattering amplitudes to show that large penguins are unlikely to arise from re-scattering and likely indicate physics beyond the SM. In a model independent approach, we show how a very small contribution from physics beyond the SM with a large weak phase alleviates the problem.
- [5] arXiv:2505.24350 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 来自剩余味群的带电轻子味破坏过程的选择定则标题： Selection rules for charged lepton flavour violating processes from residual flavour groups评论： 15页，2个图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
我们系统地研究了带电轻子 sector 中残余味群可能产生的唯象学影响。 我们考虑了至 Z8 的所有可能的阿贝尔剩余对称性的味荷指派。 标准模型有效场论中算符允许的味结构（维度至六维）导致了带电轻子味破坏过程的独特且可观察到的模式。 我们通过展示对新物质量现有界限和未来灵敏度的选律相关性来说明这些结果。 这些结果尤其表明了对味破坏 τ 轻子衰变和 μonium 到反 μonium 转换的搜索的重要性及其鉴别能力。
We systematically investigate the possible phenomenological impact of residual flavour groups in the charged lepton sector. We consider all possible flavour charge assignments for abelian residual symmetries up to Z8. The allowed flavour structures of operators in Standard Model Effective Field Theory (up to dimension six) lead to distinctive and observable patterns of charged lepton flavour violating processes. We illustrate the relevance of such selection rules displaying the current bounds on and the future sensitivities to the new physics scale. These results demonstrate, in particular, the importance and discriminating power of searches for lepton flavour violating tau lepton decays and muonium to antimuonium conversion.
- [6] arXiv:2505.24376 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： QCD求和规则对激发轻介子算符的研究标题： QCD sum rule study on excited light meson operators评论： 13页，4幅图，1张表，欢迎提出建议和评论。主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
我们应用QCD求和规则方法系统地研究了激发轻介子算符，并计算了它们的衰变常数。 这些算符通过显式地在夸克-反夸克对上添加一个协变导数来构建。 总共构造了十二个这样的算符，其中十个进行了详细的数值分析。 所考虑的夸克成分包括$\bar{q}q$，$\bar{q}s$，和$\bar{s}s$（$q = u/d$），允许形成各种$SU(3)$味非九重态。 例如，我们的结果支持这样一种解释，即 $a_2(1320)$、$f_2(1270)$、$f_2^\prime(1525)$和 $K_2^*(1430)$ 构成一个具有量子数 $J^{P(C)} = 2^{+(+)}$ 的味非九重态。 此外，我们预测了几个激发介子态，其质量和衰变常数是利用 QCD 精确求和规则方法确定的。
We apply the QCD sum rule method to systematically study excited light meson operators and calculate their decay constants. These operators are constructed by explicitly adding one covariant derivative to the quark-antiquark pair. In total, twelve such operators are constructed, among which ten are subjected to detailed numerical analyses. The considered quark contents include $\bar{q}q$, $\bar{q}s$, and $\bar{s}s$ ($q = u/d$), allowing the formation of various $SU(3)$ flavor nonets. For instance, our results support the interpretation that the $a_2(1320)$, $f_2(1270)$, $f_2^\prime(1525)$, and $K_2^*(1430)$ constitute a flavor nonet with quantum numbers $J^{P(C)} = 2^{+(+)}$. In addition, we predict several excited meson states, whose masses and decay constants are determined using the QCD sum rule method.
- [7] arXiv:2505.24542 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 在具有非定域相互作用的有效夸克模型中的重介子标题： Heavy mesons in an effective quark model with a nonlocal interaction评论： 14页，8幅图，4张表格主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
我们讨论了轻夸克和重夸克介子在具有非局域相互作用模型中的性质。 我们从Bethe-Salpeter方程出发，选择以高斯介子顶点函数形式的非局域相互作用核。 利用电磁衰变常数和轻子衰变常数来固定模型参数。 在此模型内，我们研究了中性π介子跃迁形式因子${F}_{\pi\gamma }$，并将其应用于重标量介子$\eta_c$和$\eta_b$的跃迁形式因子。 最后，我们重现了$\rho$-介子及其重夸克偶素的辐射衰变过程。
We discuss the properties of light and heavy mesons in the framework of a model with nonlocal interaction. We start from the Bethe-Salpeter equation, choosing the interaction kernel in a nonlocal form with the Gaussian meson vertex function. We fix the model parameters using electromagnetic and leptonic decay constants. Within this model, we consider the neutral pion transition form factor ${F}_{\pi\gamma }$and apply the model to the transition form factors of heavy pseudoscalar mesons $\eta_c$ and $\eta_b$. Finally, we reproduce the radiative decays of the $\rho$-meson and heavy quarkonia.
- [8] arXiv:2505.24569 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 单位性附近修正阈值行为的可观测性标题： Observability of modified threshold behavior near unitarity评论： 18页，6个图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
许多近期的文献指出，在S波和/或P波幺正性下具有短程相互作用的N粒子系统可以在各种反应过程中表现出修改过的阈值行为。然而，尚未有人探讨需要接近幺正性多近才能观察到这些修改的问题。本研究通过处理涉及物理值下的中子-中子单态散射长度a以及人工改变值的情况来量化这一问题。一个主要结论是，中子-中子散射长度还不够大，无法使3n或4n系统展示出幺正性阈值指数。
A number of recent references have pointed out that an N-particle system having short-range interactions at S-wave and/or P-wave unitarity can exhibit modified threshold behavior for various reactive processes. But the question of how close to unitarity one must get in order to observe such modifications has not been addressed. The present study quantities this question by treating cases involving 3- or 4-neutrons, at the physical value of the neutron-neutron singlet scattering length a and at artificially altered values. One major conclusion is that the neutron-neutron scattering length is not yet sufficiently large for the 3n or 4n systems to demonstrate the unitarity threshold exponent.
- [9] arXiv:2505.24666 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 原始黑洞爆炸能否解释KM3NeT事件？标题： Could a Primordial Black Hole Explosion Explain the KM3NeT Event?Lua F. T. Airoldi, Gustavo F. S. Alves, Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez, Gabriel M. Salla, Renata Zukanovich Funchal评论： 5页，3个图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE)
预计黑洞将在一场灾难性的霍金辐射失控爆发中结束其生命周期，以超高能量发射所有标准模型粒子。 因此，附近原初黑洞（PBH）的爆炸被提出作为一种可能的解释，用于解释由KM3NeT合作组织最近报告的$\sim 220$PeV 类中微子事件。 假设该事件源于PBH，我们发现源距离需要约为$4 \times 10^{-5}$秒差距，即位于太阳系内，才能产生观测到的事件。 在这种近距离下，由此产生的伽马射线和宇宙射线流在地球上是可以探测到的。 通过结合伽马射线天文台的时间依赖视场，我们表明LHAASO应在KM3NeT检测前十四至七小时之间记录约${\cal O}(10^8)$个事件。 冰立方望远镜也应该在爆发时检测到大约100个事件。 任何此类多信使信号（特别是在伽马射线数据中）的缺失，强烈反对将KM3-230213A事件解释为源自最小四维史瓦西场景中的蒸发。
A black hole is expected to end its lifetime in a cataclysmic runaway burst of Hawking radiation, emitting all Standard Model particles with ultra-high energies. Thus, the explosion of a nearby primordial black hole (PBH) has been proposed as a possible explanation for the $\sim 220$ PeV neutrino-like event recently reported by the KM3NeT collaboration. Assuming a PBH origin, we find that the source would need to lie at a distance of approximately $4 \times 10^{-5}$ pc, i.e., within the Solar System, to produce the observed event. At such proximity, the resulting flux of gamma-rays and cosmic rays would be detectable at Earth. By incorporating the time-dependent field of view of gamma-ray observatories, we show that LHAASO should have recorded on the order of ${\cal O}(10^8)$ events between fourteen and seven hours prior to the KM3NeT detection. IceCube should also have detected about 100 events at the time of the burst. The absence of any such multi-messenger signal, particularly in gamma-ray data, strongly disfavors the interpretation of the KM3-230213A event as arising from evaporation in a minimal four-dimensional Schwarzschild scenario.
- [10] arXiv:2505.24674 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 关于低能区$ππ$和$πN$散射研究的最新进展综述标题： A review on recent progresses in the study of low energy $ππ$ and $πN$ scatterings评论： 投稿至EPJST，13页，7幅图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)
我们总结了关于$\pi\pi$和$\pi N$散射的新结果。这些结果包括发现一个质量低于核子质量的负宇称核子极点，以及随着π介子质量变化时$f_0(500)$的极点轨迹。这些结果来源于模型无关的色散分析。我们还基于$O(N)$ $\sigma$ 模型和$N/D$方法研究了$f_0(500)$的热性质。
We summarize new results on the studies of $\pi\pi$ and $\pi N$ scatterings. They include the finding of a negative-parity nucleon pole with a mass lower than the nucleon mass, and the pole trajectory of $f_0(500)$ with respect to varying pion masses. The results are obtained from model-independent dispersion analyses. We also study the thermal properties of $f_0(500)$ based on the $O(N)$ $\sigma$ model and $N/D$ method.
- [11] arXiv:2505.24822 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： Wess-Zumino-Witten相互作用的轴子：三种味道标题： Wess-Zumino-Witten Interactions of Axions: Three-Flavor评论： 24页，4个图，1个表格， accompanying Mathematica 笔记本可在 https://github.com/nun3366/Axion-WZW-3 获取主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
我们提出了一种完整的拉格朗日描述，在三个轻夸克味框架下，轴子与伪标量以及（轴向）矢量介子的相互作用。 这一表述同时包含了标准的手征拉格朗日和完整的Wess-Zumino-Witten（WZW）项。 通过引入与异常 $U(1)_A$ 对称性相关的瞬时子效应，我们证明了物理可观测量在夸克场的任意手征相位旋转下保持不变。 这一全面的拉格朗日为通过轴子与介子和规范玻色子的相互作用来探索轴子唯象学提供了一个稳健且一致的框架。 作为演示，我们计算了几种基准轴子模型下，GeV尺度轴子衰变到各种介子终态的衰变宽度。
We present a complete Lagrangian describing axion interactions with pseudoscalar and (axial-)vector mesons within the three light-flavor quark framework. This formulation incorporates both the standard chiral Lagrangian and the full Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term. By including instanton effects associated with the anomalous $U(1)_A$ symmetry, we demonstrate that physical observables remain invariant under arbitrary chiral phase rotations of the quark fields. This comprehensive Lagrangian provides a robust and consistent framework for exploring axion phenomenology through its interactions with mesons and gauge bosons. As a demonstration, we compute the decay widths of GeV-scale axions into various mesonic final states for several benchmark axion models.
新提交 (展示 11 之 11 条目 )
- [12] arXiv:2505.23526 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 宇宙偶极子异常专题讨论会标题： Colloquium: The Cosmic Dipole Anomaly评论： 26页，5幅图；投稿至《现代物理评论》主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO)
宇宙学原理指出宇宙在大尺度上是均匀且各向同性的，这是弗里德曼-勒梅特-罗伯逊-沃克（Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker, FLRW）宇宙学的基础假设，例如当前的标准Λ冷暗物质（Lambda-Cold-Dark-Matter,{\Lambda }CDM）模型。这一简化使爱因斯坦场方程得到了精确解，通过单一的时间相关标度因子将空间和时间联系起来，从而定义了诸如哈勃参数和宇宙红移等宇宙可观测量。 支撑现代宇宙学的宇宙学原理的有效性，现在可以通过大型近乎全天区的射电星系和类星体目录得以严格检验。 令人惊讶的是，在物质的大尺度分布中发现的偶极各向异性与扰动FLRW宇宙中运动学偏转和多普勒增益效应预期不符，而后者是宇宙微波背景（Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB）观测到的偶极的标准解释。 尽管物质偶极的方向与CMB偶极一致，但其大小异常较大，表明物质和辐射看似各向同性的静止参考系并不相同，或者至少其中一个存在意外的内在各向异性。 这种差异的显著性现已超过5{\sigma }。 我们回顾了这些近期发现，以及为缓解这种张力而提出的潜在偏差、系统性问题和替代解释。 我们得出结论，宇宙偶极异常对FLRW宇宙学，尤其是标准的{\Lambda }CDM模型作为我们宇宙的充分描述提出了严重挑战。
The Cosmological Principle, which states that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic (when averaged on large scales), is the foundational assumption of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies such as the current standard Lambda-Cold-Dark-Matter ({\Lambda}CDM) model. This simplification yields an exact solution to the Einstein field equations that relates space and time through a single time-dependent scale factor, which defines cosmological observables such as the Hubble parameter and the cosmological redshift. The validity of the Cosmological Principle, which underpins modern cosmology, can now be rigorously tested with the advent of large, nearly all-sky catalogs of radio galaxies and quasars. Surprisingly, the dipole anisotropy in the large-scale distribution of matter is found to be inconsistent with the expectation from kinematic aberration and Doppler boosting effects in a perturbed FLRW universe, which is the standard interpretation of the observed dipole in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Although the matter dipole agrees in direction with that of the CMB dipole, it is anomalously larger, demonstrating that either the rest frames in which matter and radiation appear isotropic are not the same, or that there is an unexpected intrinsic anisotropy in at least one of them. This discrepancy now exceeds 5{\sigma} in significance. We review these recent findings, as well as the potential biases, systematic issues, and alternate interpretations that have been suggested to help alleviate the tension. We conclude that the cosmic dipole anomaly poses a serious challenge to FLRW cosmology, and the standard {\Lambda}CDM model in particular, as an adequate description of our Universe.
- [13] arXiv:2505.23895 (交叉列表自 gr-qc) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 黑洞光谱学：从理论到实验标题： Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experimentEmanuele Berti, Vitor Cardoso, Gregorio Carullo, Jahed Abedi, Niayesh Afshordi, Simone Albanesi, Vishal Baibhav, Swetha Bhagwat, José Luis Blázquez-Salcedo, Béatrice Bonga, Bruno Bucciotti, Giada Caneva Santoro, Pablo A. Cano, Collin Capano, Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung, Cecilia Chirenti, Gregory B. Cook, Adrian Ka-Wai Chung, Marina De Amicis, Kyriakos Destounis, Oscar J. C. Dias, Walter Del Pozzo, Francisco Duque, Will M. Farr, Eliot Finch, Nicola Franchini, Kwinten Fransen, Vasco Gennari, Stephen R. Green, Scott A. Hughes, Maximiliano Isi, Xisco Jimenez Forteza, Gaurav Khanna, Fech Scen Khoo, Masashi Kimura, Badri Krishnan, Adrien Kuntz, Macarena Lagos, Rico K. L. Lo, Lionel London, Sizheng Ma, Simon Maenaut, Lorena Magaña Zertuche, Elisa Maggio, Andrea Maselli, Keefe Mitman, Hayato Motohashi, Naritaka Oshita, Costantino Pacilio, Paolo Pani, Rodrigo Panosso Macedo, Chantal Pitte, Lorenzo Pompili, Jaime Redondo-Yuste, Maurício Richartz, Antonio Riotto, Jorge E. Santos, Bangalore Sathyaprakash, Laura Sberna, Hector O. Silva, Leo C. Stein, Alexandre Toubiana, Sebastian H. Völkel, Julian Westerweck, Huan Yang, Sophia Yi, Nicolas Yunes, Hengrui Zhu评论： 316页，80幅图主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
由振荡黑洞辐射出的“回响”引力波具有巨大的科学潜力。 通过仔细预测黑洞准正规模的频率和幅度，并将其与紧凑双星合并产生的引力波数据进行比较，我们可以推进对广义相对论中两体问题的理解，验证强而动态引力场下理论的预测，以及探索超出标准模型的物理或新的引力自由度。 我们总结了在广义相对论和修正引力中对黑洞准正规模及其激发和回响波形建模的理解现状。 我们还回顾了LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA回响观测的状态、数据分析技术，以及在LISA和下一代地面引力波探测器时代该领域的光明前景。
The "ringdown" radiation emitted by oscillating black holes has great scientific potential. By carefully predicting the frequencies and amplitudes of black hole quasinormal modes and comparing them with gravitational-wave data from compact binary mergers we can advance our understanding of the two-body problem in general relativity, verify the predictions of the theory in the regime of strong and dynamical gravitational fields, and search for physics beyond the Standard Model or new gravitational degrees of freedom. We summarize the state of the art in our understanding of black hole quasinormal modes in general relativity and modified gravity, their excitation, and the modeling of ringdown waveforms. We also review the status of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA ringdown observations, data analysis techniques, and the bright prospects of the field in the era of LISA and next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors.
- [14] arXiv:2505.23900 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 超流暗物质标题： Superfluid Dark Matter评论： 118页，12幅图主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
超流暗物质模型提供了一个优雅的解决方案，以调和冷暗物质范式预测与星系尺度观测之间的差异。 在此情境下，暗物质由具有自相互作用的超轻玻色子组成，在星系环境中能够经历超流相变。 本文综述了暗物质超流性的理论基础，详细阐述了形成和稳定天文学尺度超流核所需的条件。 我们探讨了星系动力学的唯象后果，包括对星系合并的影响、涡旋的形成、接近超大质量黑洞的行为、动力摩擦的修改以及长程相互作用的出现。 通过综合理论发展与观测限制，我们旨在全面概述暗物质超流性作为标准宇宙学模型可行扩展的当前状态和未来前景。
The superfluid dark matter model offers an elegant solution to reconcile discrepancies between the predictions of the cold dark matter paradigm and observations on galactic scales. In this scenario, dark matter is composed of ultralight bosons with self-interactions that can undergo a superfluid phase transition in galactic environments. In this review, we explore the theoretical foundations of dark matter superfluidity, detailing the conditions required for the formation and stability of superfluid cores of astrophysical size. We examine the phenomenological consequences for galactic dynamics, including the impact on galaxy mergers, the formation of vortices, the behavior near supermassive black holes, modifications to dynamical friction, and the emergence of long-range interactions. By synthesizing theoretical developments with observational constraints, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of dark matter superfluidity as a viable extension of the standard cosmological model.
- [15] arXiv:2505.24121 (交叉列表自 nucl-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 无中微子双贝塔衰变的次领头阶预测标题： Next-to-leading-order prediction for the neutrinoless double-beta decay评论： 6页，5个图，被物理评论快报接受主题： 核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex)
无中微子双贝塔衰变（$0\nu\beta\beta$）是两个中子$nn \rightarrow ppee$的基本亚过程，也是原子核中$0\nu\beta\beta$衰变的一部分。 为了确定候选核在大规模$0\nu\beta\beta$搜索中的核矩阵元的短程贡献，需要精确了解$nn \rightarrow ppee$振幅。 本文中，我们报告了 nn\rightarrow ppee 振幅的第一个次领头阶预测，并进行了贝叶斯不确定性量化。 这是由于相对论性手征有效场理论的发展，该理论在次领头阶之前不需要未知的接触项。 该理论通过无参数方式重现了关于两核子散射中电荷无关性和电荷对称性破缺贡献的可用数据，从而得到验证。 目前的工作朝着解决与$0\nu\beta\beta$搜索相关的理论计算中核矩阵元的不确定性迈出了重要一步。
The neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of two neutrons$nn \rightarrow ppee$ is the elementary subprocess of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in nuclei. Accurate knowledge of the $nn \rightarrow ppee$ amplitude is required to pin down the short-range contributions in the nuclear matrix elements of the candidate nuclei for large-scale $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches. In this Letter, we report the first next-to-leading-order prediction of the nn \rightarrow ppee amplitude, with Bayesian uncertainty quantification. This is made possible by the development of the relativistic chiral effective field theory, in which no unknown contact term is required up to next-to-leading order. The theory is validated by reproducing in a parameter-free way the available data on the charge independence and charge symmetry breaking contributions in the two-nucleon scattering. The present work makes an essential step towards addressing the uncertainty in the theoretical calculations of the nuclear matrix elements relevant for $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches.
- [16] arXiv:2505.24408 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.HE) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 印度多信使科学现状白皮书标题： A White Paper on The Multi-Messenger Science Landscape in IndiaSamsuzzaman Afroz, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, Dipankar Bhattacharya, Soumya Bhattacharya, Subir Bhattacharyya, Varun Bhalerao, Debanjan Bose, Chinmay Borwanker, Ishwara Chandra C. H., Aniruddha Chakraborty, Indranil Chakraborty, Sovan Chakraborty, Debarati Chatterjee, Varsha Chitnis, Moon Moon Devi, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Amol Dighe, Bitan Ghosal, Sourendu Gupta, Arpan Hait, Md Emanuel Hoque, Pratik Majumdar, Nilmani Mathur, Harsh Mehta, Subhendra Mohanty, Reetanjali Moharana, Arunava Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, Dhruv Pathak, Tirthankar Roy Choudhury, Mohit Raj Sah, Prantik Sarmah, Krishna Kumar Singh, Rishi Sharma, Swarnim Shirke, Shriharsh P. Tendulkar, Gaurav Waratkar, Kuldeep Yadav评论： 85页，17幅图主题： 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 星系的天体物理学 (astro-ph.GA) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
利用引力波（GWs）、电磁波（EMs）、宇宙射线（CRs）和中微子等不同观测窗口的多信使科学，为我们提供了一个从单个中子星的尺度到宇宙学尺度上研究长时间跨度的机会。 在最小的尺度上，我们可以探索中子星的结构以及在合并前中子星向合并后中子星转变过程中涉及的不同能量。这将开启一个研究极端条件下物质性质的窗口，并且保证了发现新事物的空间。 另一方面，在最大的宇宙学尺度上，多信使观测使我们能够通过使用引力波源来绘制宇宙膨胀历史，从而研究物理宇宙学中的长期问题，如哈勃常数、暗物质和暗能量。 此外，对白矮星、中子星和黑洞等天体物理系统（包括高红移宇宙）的多信使研究，将为我们带来关于它们所关联的物理过程的深刻理解，而这些过程通常是无法直接观测到的。 本文档讨论了多信使天文学领域的关键案例以及印度天文台的作用，这些天文台可以探索未知领域并在从核物理到天体物理学的不同分支中开辟新的发现空间。
The multi-messenger science using different observational windows to the Universe such as Gravitational Waves (GWs), Electromagnetic Waves (EMs), Cosmic Rays (CRs), and Neutrinos offer an opportunity to study from the scale of a neutron star to cosmological scales over a large cosmic time. At the smallest scales, we can explore the structure of the neutron star and the different energetics involved in the transition of a pre-merger neutron star to a post-merger neutron star. This will open up a window to study the properties of matter in extreme conditions and a guaranteed discovery space. On the other hand, at the largest cosmological scales, multi-messenger observations allow us to study the long-standing problems in physical cosmology related to the Hubble constant, dark matter, and dark energy by mapping the expansion history of the Universe using GW sources. Moreover, the multi-messenger studies of astrophysical systems such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes of different masses, all the way up to a high redshift Universe, will bring insightful understanding into the physical processes associated with them that are inaccessible otherwise. This white paper discusses the key cases in the domain of multi-messenger astronomy and the role of observatories in India which can explore uncharted territories and open discovery spaces in different branches of physics ranging from nuclear physics to astrophysics.
- [17] arXiv:2505.24488 (交叉列表自 physics.atom-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 强振荡电场脉冲叠加下动态辅助的电子-正电子对产生的相对相位依赖性标题： Relative-phase dependence of dynamically assisted electron-positron pair creation in the superposition of strong oscillating electric-field pulses评论： 9页，7个图主题： 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
研究了在振荡电场脉冲的叠加中产生电子-正电子对的现象，重点关注脉冲之间的相对相位的影响。 考虑了各种场配置：等时长的两个或三个脉冲的叠加，以及长低频脉冲与短高频脉冲的组合。 我们表明，叠加的高频模式之间的相对相位可以对产生的粒子对总数产生显著影响，在所考虑的场参数下，将其增强约10%-30%。
Production of electron-positron pairs in the superposition of oscillating electric-field pulses with largely different frequencies is studied, focussing on the impact of relative phases between the pulses. Various field configurations are considered: superpositions of either two or three pulses of equal duration as well as combinations of a long low-frequency and a short high-frequency pulse. We show that the relative phase of superimposed high-frequency modes can exert a sizeable effect on the total numbers of produced pairs, enhancing them by about 10-30% for the considered field parameters.
- [18] arXiv:2505.24502 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 量子可观测量的可预测性：QKD 和顶夸克的应用标题： Predictability of quantum observables: Applications in QKD and top quarks主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
我们通过利用贝叶斯风险和推断方差这两个基于统计学习理论的度量，量化并优化了双部分量子系统中局域可观测量的可预测性。具体来说，当预测通过额外的量子系统得到改进时，我们最小化了这些量，并为任意两比特态提供了分析表达式，展示了与爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森（EPR）引导标准之间的联系。然后，我们将贝叶斯风险最小化嵌入到基于纠缠的量子密钥分发协议中，在现实噪声条件下获得了比标准BB84更高的渐近安全密钥率。我们将这些结果应用于受局部振幅阻尼噪声影响的贝尔态以及高能碰撞中顶夸克-反顶夸克对的自旋关联。
We quantify and optimize the predictability of local observables in bipartite quantum systems by employing the Bayes risk and the inference variance, two measures rooted in statistical learning theory. Specifically, we minimized these quantities when the prediction is improved by an additional quantum system, providing analytical expressions for arbitrary two-qubit states, and showcasing a connection with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering criteria. Then, we embed our Bayes risk minimization into an entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocol, yielding asymptotically higher secure-key rates than standard BB84 under realistic noise. We applied these results to Bell states affected by local amplitude-damping noises, and spin correlation in top-antitop quark pairs from high-energy collisions.
- [19] arXiv:2505.24617 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.mes-hall) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 利用波导装置探测轴子场标题： Detecting the axion field with waveguide apparatus评论： 欢迎评论！主题： 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 光学 (physics.optics)
我们证明，用一种同时表现出手性磁性和异常量子霍尔效应的材料填充的传统中空导体波导可以在其内部支持横电磁模式的传播。这一简单的设置提供了一种光学可行且直接的方法来探测这些现象的同时存在，可能有助于在凝聚态物质领域检测轴子场。
We demonstrate that a conventional hollow conductor waveguide filled with a material exhibiting the coexistence of chiral magnetic and anomalous quantum Hall effects supports the propagation of transverse electromagnetic modes within its interior. This simple setup provides an optically feasible and direct method to probe the simultaneous presence of these phenomena, potentially enabling the detection of the axion field in the condensed matter realm.
- [20] arXiv:2505.24652 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.HE) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 追逐奇异性：用中微子望远镜研究暂现源标题： Chasing Serendipity: Tackling Transient Sources with Neutrino TelescopesLua F. T. Airoldi, Gustavo F. S. Alves, Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez, Gabriel M. Salla, Renata Zukanovich Funchal评论： 14页，8幅图，1个附录主题： 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
冰立方探测器发现超高能中微子标志着中微子天文学的开端，但这些中微子的起源和产生机制仍然是未解之谜。最近，KM3NeT合作组观测到了迄今为止最高能量的中微子事件，使暂现源——那些以短暂且局部化爆发形式发射粒子的天体物理对象——成为有希望的候选者。在这项工作中，我们重新审视了冰立方及其他未来中微子望远镜中此类源的识别问题，重点关注源的时间特性和天空定位对其探测灵敏度的影响。我们强调了赤经对于非极地探测器（如KM3NeT）有效面积的重要性，并提出了一种框架来系统地考虑这种依赖关系。作为案例研究，我们探讨了蒸发的原初黑洞（PBHs）作为暂现中微子源的可能性，表明检测前景和定位精度强烈受到PBH在天空位置的影响。我们的结果强调了中微子与伽马射线观测台之间的互补性，并展示了全球中微子探测器网络识别和定位可能被传统光子仪器遗漏的暂现事件的潜力。
The discovery of ultra-high-energy neutrinos by IceCube marked the beginning of neutrino astronomy. Yet, the origin and production mechanisms of these neutrinos remain open questions. With the recent observation of the highest-energy neutrino event to date by the KM3NeT collaboration, transient sources - astrophysical objects that emit particles in brief, localized bursts - have emerged as promising candidates. In this work, we revisit the identification of such sources in IceCube and future neutrino telescopes, focusing on how both the timing and sky localization of the source affect the detection sensitivity. We highlight the crucial role of the source's right ascension in determining the effective area of detectors not located at the poles, such as KM3NeT, and present a framework to consistently account for this dependence. As a case study, we investigate evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) as transient neutrino sources, showing that the detection prospects and localization accuracy are strongly influenced by the PBH's position in the sky. Our results emphasize the complementarity between neutrino and gamma-ray observatories and showcase the potential of a global network of neutrino detectors to identify and localize transient events that might be missed by traditional photon-based instruments.
- [21] arXiv:2505.24732 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： DES DR2之后的暗能量五重态理论标题： The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2评论： 21页，5幅图，主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
来自DESI DR2的观测结果正在挑战 $\Lambda$冷暗物质（CDM）范式，表明暗能量的状态方程参数随$w = -1$演化，这一现象被称为五重奏（Quintom）场景。 受此发展启发，我们综述了五重奏宇宙学，包括其理论基础、观测支持及其含义和可能的扩展。 我们首先追溯从爱因斯坦静态宇宙常数到现代动态暗能量的历史进程，总结了最近倾向于随时间演化$w(z)$的宇宙学限制。 一个关键重点是关于暗能量的理论不可能性定理，表明没有单一的规范场或完美流体模型能够平滑地跨越$w = -1$边界。 然后我们调查可行的五重奏构造，包括双场模型、具有高阶导数的单标量场、修改引力框架以及一种统一这些机制的有效场论方法。 讨论了五重奏场与普通物质的可能相互作用及其在产生非奇异宇宙解中的潜在作用。
Observations from DESI DR2 are challenging the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm by suggesting that the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy evolves across $w = -1$, a phenomenon known as the Quintom scenario. Inspired by this development, we present a staged review of Quintom cosmology including its theoretical foundations, observational supports, and implications as well as possible extensions. We first trace the historical progression from Einstein's static cosmological constant to modern dynamical dark energy, summarizing recent cosmological constraints that favor an evolving $w(z)$ along time. A key focus is the theoretical no-go theorem for dark energy showing that no single canonical field or perfect fluid model can smoothly cross the $w = -1$ boundary. We then survey viable Quintom constructions, including two-field models, single-scalar fields with higher derivatives, modified gravity frameworks, and an effective field theory approach that unifies these mechanisms. Possible interactions of Quintom fields with ordinary matter and the potential roles in yielding non-singular universe solutions are discussed.
- [22] arXiv:2505.24810 (交叉列表自 hep-ex) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： CEPC上的新物理搜索：一般性视角标题： New Physics Search at the CEPC: a General PerspectiveStefan Antusch, Peter Athron, Daniele Barducci, Long Chen, Mingshui Chen, Xiang Chen, Huajie Cheng, Kingman Cheung, Joao Guimaraes da Costa, Arindam Das, Frank F. Deppisch, P. S. Bhupal Dev, Xiaokang Du, Yong Du, Yaquan Fang, Andrew Fowlie, Yu Gao, Bruce Mellado Garcia, Shao-Feng Ge, Jiayin Gu, Yu-Chen Guo, Jan Hajer, Chengcheng Han, Tao Han, Sven Heinemeyer, Fa Peng Huang, Yanping Huang, Jianfeng Jiang, Shan Jin, Liang Li, Lingfeng Li, Tong Li, Tianjun Li, Xin-Qiang Li, Zhao Li, Zhijun Liang, Hongbo Liao, Jiajun Liao, Jia Liu, Tao Liu, Wei Liu, Yang Liu, Zhen Liu, Zuowei Liu, Xinchou Lou, Chih-Ting Lu, Feng Lyu, Kai Ma, Lianliang Ma, Ying-nan Mao, Sanjoy Mandal, Roberto A. Morales, Manimala Mitra, Miha Nemevšek, Takaaki Nomura, Michael Ramsey-Musolf, C.J. Ouseph, Craig D. Roberts, Manqi Ruan, Liangliang Shang, Sujay Shil, Shufang Su, Wei Su, Xiaohu Sun, Zheng Sun, Van Que Tran, Yuexin Wang, Zeren Simon Wang, Kechen Wang, Peiwen Wu, Yongcheng Wu, Sai Wang, Lei Wu, Fei Wang, Jianchun Wang, Xiao-Ping Wang, Guotao Xia, Ke-Pan Xie, Da Xu, Jin Min Yang, Shuo Yang, Jiarong Yuan, Chongxing Yue, Yuanfang Yue, Hao Zhang, Mengchao Zhang, Xuai Zhuang, Yu Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yongchao Zhang, Jing-Yu Zhu, Pengxuan Zhu, Rui Zhu主题： 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
下一代希格斯工厂环形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）为探索超出标准模型（SM）的物理提供了新的机遇。凭借其干净的电子-正电子碰撞环境以及收集大量希格斯玻色子、W玻色子和Z玻色子的能力，CEPC能够实现精确测量并搜寻新物理。本白皮书概述了CEPC的发现潜力，包括对奇异衰变的探索，例如希格斯玻色子、Z玻色子和顶夸克的衰变，暗物质与暗物质领域的现象、长寿命粒子、超对称性以及中微子相关的信号。先进的探测器技术和重建技术，例如一对一对应重建和喷注起源识别，显著提高了对稀有和弱相互作用过程的灵敏度。CEPC特别适合探测电弱相变，并测试电弱重子生成模型和暗物质领域相互作用的模型。此外，全局拟合分析强调了CEPC在限制广泛的新物理场景中的互补作用。这些特点使CEPC成为后希格斯发现时代探索基本粒子物理前沿的强大工具。
The Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC), a proposed next-generation Higgs factory, provides new opportunities to explore physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). With its clean electron-positron collision environment and the ability to collect large samples of Higgs, W, and Z bosons, the CEPC enables precision measurements and searches for new physics. This white paper outlines the CEPC's discovery potential, including studies of exotic decays of the Higgs, Z, and top quarks, dark matter and dark sector phenomena, long-lived particles, supersymmetry, and neutrino-related signatures. Advanced detector technologies and reconstruction techniques, such as one-to-one correspondence reconstruction and jet origin identification, significantly improve sensitivity to rare and weakly interacting processes. The CEPC is particularly well suited to probe the electroweak phase transition and test models of electroweak baryogenesis and dark sector interactions. In addition, global fit analyses highlight the CEPC's complementary role in constraining a wide range of new physics scenarios. These features position the CEPC as a powerful tool for exploring the next frontier in fundamental particle physics in the post-Higgs discovery era.
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- [23] arXiv:2409.13412 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 树级单位性约束对重中性 leptons 的影响标题： Tree-level unitarity constraints on heavy neutral leptons评论： 32页，4幅图。匹配JHEP接受的版本主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
重味中性轻子（HNLs）能够解释中微子质量和振荡的起源，适用于广泛的质量范围。对于显著高于电弱标度的质量，直接实验探测HNL变得不可行。因此，最强的限制来自未观测到由HNL在环路级别诱导的带电轻子味破坏过程。出乎意料的是，在HNL质量增加时，这些限制变得更严格，并且这种效应在微扰论范围内持续存在。 这项工作通过分析部分波矩阵（树级幺正性）来探索电弱标度之外质量的HNLs这些限制的确切形式。在高能情况下，HNL模型简化为一个Yukawa理论，允许幺正约束以涉及HNLs、轻子双态和希格斯玻色子的总Yukawa耦合$\left|Y_{\mathrm{tot}}\right|^2$表达。 具有$J=0$和$J=1/2$的过程产生已知结果$\left|Y_{\mathrm{tot}}\right|^2 \leq 8\pi$。然而，最严格的限制来自具有$J = 1$的过程，其由$\left|Y_{\mathrm{tot}}\right|^2 \leq 4\pi(\sqrt{5} -1) = 8\pi/\varphi \approx 15.533$给出，其中$\varphi$是黄金比例。 只要Yukawa矩阵的秩为1，这些结果仍然有效，在两个或三个HNLs的模型中，大混合角和辐射性小的中微子质量近似满足此条件。 最后，我们确定了在I型跷跷板模型中HNL可以具有的最大质量，同时仍然是中微子质量的唯一来源。
Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) can explain the origin of neutrino masses and oscillations over a wide range of masses. Direct experimental probes of HNLs become unfeasible for masses significantly above the electroweak scale.Consequently, the strongest limits arise from the non-observation of charged lepton flavor-violating processes induced by HNLs at loop level.Counter-intuitively, these bounds tighten as the HNL mass increases, an effect that persists within the perturbative regime. This work explores the precise form of these bounds for HNLs with masses well beyond the electroweak scale by analyzing the full matrix of partial waves (tree-level unitarity). At high energies, the HNL model simplifies to a Yukawa theory, allowing unitarity constraints to be expressed in terms of the total Yukawa coupling $\left|Y_{\mathrm{tot}}\right|^2$ involving HNLs, lepton doublets, and the Higgs boson. Processes with $J=0$ and $J=1/2$ yield the well-known result $\left|Y_{\mathrm{tot}}\right|^2 \leq 8\pi$. However, the most stringent result arises from processes with $J = 1$, which is given by $\left|Y_{\mathrm{tot}}\right|^2 \leq 4\pi(\sqrt{5} -1) = 8\pi/\varphi \approx 15.533$, where $\varphi$ is the Golden ratio. These results remain valid provided that the Yukawa matrix has rank 1, a condition approximately satisfied in models with two or three HNLs, with large mixing angles, and radiactively small neutrino masses. Finally, we determine the maximum mass that an HNL can have in the type-I seesaw model while remaining the sole source of neutrino masses.
- [24] arXiv:2410.06956 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 更新的 Ellis-Jaffe 总和规则的确定直到 $\rm N^{3}LO$ QCD 校正标题： Updated Determination of Ellis-Jaffe Sum Rules up to $\rm N^{3}LO$ QCD correctionsHua Zhou (Southwest University of Science and Technology), Qing Yu (Southwest University of Science and Technology), Xing-Gang Wu (Chongqing University)评论： 8页，4幅图期刊参考： 物理学快报B 867, 139610 (2025)主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
本文中，我们利用最大共形式性（PMC）方法探索了埃利斯-贾菲求和规则（EJSR）的性质，并将其微扰部分计算到三阶（$\rm N^{3}LO$）QCD贡献。通过应用PMC，我们得到了一个关于EJSR的精确微扰QCD预测，避免了与重整化尺度选择相关的传统不确定性。考虑到渐近标度附近存在$\alpha_s$的朗道极点，我们引入基于解析微扰理论（APT）的低能标模型$\alpha_s$来改进EJSR在红外区域的行为。通过结合PMC方法与低能标APT模型，理论计算与EJSR实验测量之间的一致性显著提高，如从$\chi^{2}/d.o. f|_{\rm Conv.}=1.86$到$\chi^{2}/d.o. f|_{\rm PMC}=1.19$的偏差减小所示，从而验证了我们方法的有效性。
In this paper, we explore the properties of the Ellis-Jaffe Sum Rule (EJSR) by employing the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) approach to address its perturbative part up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order ($\rm N^{3}LO$) QCD contributions. By applying the PMC, we achieve a precise perturbative QCD prediction for the EJSR, free from conventional ambiguities associated with the renormalization scale choices. Considering the presence of the $\alpha_s$ Landau pole near the asymptotic scale, we incorporate the low-energy $\alpha_s$ model based on analytic perturbation theory (APT) to refine the EJSR behavior in the infrared region. By combining the PMC approach with the low-energy APT model, the agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of EJSR is significantly improved, as evidenced by the reduced discrepancy from $\chi^{2}/d.o. f|_{\rm Conv.}=1.86$ to $\chi^{2}/d.o. f|_{\rm PMC}=1.19$, thereby validating the effectiveness of our approach.
- [25] arXiv:2412.15138 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 在LHC及更远的未来对比伪标量希格斯玻色子和顶夸克偶素态标题： Contrasting Pseudoscalar Higgs and Toponium States at the LHC and Beyond评论： 14页，4个图。我们谨以此文纪念我们亲爱的朋友罗希尼·戈博勒（Rohini Godbole），我们曾与她一起进行过类似的研究。修订版对应发表的版本。主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)
我们讨论了在强子对撞机上区分准束缚态顶夸克偶素态和赝标希格斯玻色子 A 的方法，这在标准模型的许多扩展理论中都被预测。 我们将此讨论应用于 CMS 合作组最近在 LHC 上观测到的 ttbar 阈值事件过量现象\cite{CMS}，这一过量可能是由于上述两种可能性中的任何一种引起的。 在一种有效理论中，其中谱系中仅存在一个额外的赝标 A 玻色子，其质量高于 2mt 阈值且与顶夸克有显著耦合，我们讨论了 A 在主导的胶子融合过程 gg \to A 中的产生与随后的 A\to ttbar 衰变之间的干涉效应，以及 QCD 连续背景 gg\to ttbar。 虽然这种情况在顶夸克偶素的情况下不存在，但对于评估 A 的产生却至关重要。由于 ttbar 不变量质量谱的实验展宽，很难解析其生成的峰/谷结构。 然而，通过比较不同积分域下的 A 总产生率，或者最终在不同的质心能量下，可能会观察到其影响。 然后我们讨论了 pp 碰撞中 A 产生的其他机制，包括与较轻 h 玻色子关联的环诱导产生 gg \to hA，以及与顶夸克对关联的产生 gg/q\bar q \to ttbar。 这些机制在 LHC 上的截面很小，因此需要更高的亮度或更高的对撞能量才能观测到。
We discuss ways to discriminate at hadron colliders between a quasi-bound toponium state and a pseudoscalar Higgs boson A, as predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model. We apply the discussion to the excess of t tbar threshold events recently observed at the LHC by the CMS collaboration \cite{CMS}, which could in principle be due to either possibility. Working in an effective theory in which only an additional pseudoscalar A boson is present in the spectrum, with a mass above the 2 m_t threshold and a significant coupling to top quarks, we discuss the interference between A production in the dominant gluon-fusion process gg \to A with subsequent A\to t tbar decays, and the QCD continuum background, gg\to t tbar. While this interference is absent in the case of toponium, it is essential for evaluating A production. It is difficult to resolve the peak/dip structure that it generates because of the experimental smearing of the t tbar invariant mass spectrum. However, by comparing the total A production rates for different integration domains of the t tbar invariant mass or, eventually, at different center of mass energies, one may be able to observe its effects. We then discuss additional mechanisms for A production in pp collisions, including loop-induced production in association with the lighter h boson, gg \to hA, and production in association with top-quark pairs, gg/q\bar q \to t tbar. A These mechanisms have small cross sections at the LHC, and their observation will necessitate higher luminosities or collider energies.
- [26] arXiv:2502.17333 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 在量子色动力学第三阶中希格斯玻色子衰变的喷流率标题： Jet rates in Higgs boson decay at third order in QCDElliot Fox, Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder, Thomas Gehrmann, Nigel Glover, Matteo Marcoli, Christian T. Preuss评论： 版本2，以匹配期刊投稿主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
我们计算了希格斯玻色子在其两种主要衰变模式（向底夸克和胶子的衰变）下产生两个、三个、四个和五个喷注的产额，这些计算是在QCD耦合常数的三阶近似中完成的。 五喷注、四喷注和三喷注的产额来自对希格斯玻色子衰变为三个喷注的次次领头阶（NNLO）计算，而双喷注的产额则从包含衰变率的次次次领头阶（N$^3$LO）推断得到。 我们的结果显示，在两种衰变模式下，喷注产额对喷注分辨参数的依赖关系存在显著差异，这支持通过经典的QCD可观测量来区分不同的希格斯玻色子衰变通道的目标。
We compute the production rates for two, three, four and five jets in the hadronic decay of a Higgs boson in its two dominant decay modes to bottom quarks and gluons to third order in the QCD coupling constant. The five-, four- and three-jet rates are obtained from a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculation of Higgs decay to three jets, while the two-jet rate is inferred at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) from the inclusive decay rate. Our results show distinct differences in the dependence of the jet rates on the jet resolution parameter between the two decay modes, supporting the aim of discriminating different Higgs boson decay channels via classic QCD observables.
- [27] arXiv:2502.18912 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： μ子对撞机中 ALP 耦合的相互作用标题： Interplay of ALP Couplings at a Muon Collider评论： 29页，10幅图，与JHEP发表版本一致主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
类轴子粒子可以与标准模型胶子、电弱规范玻色子以及大质量费米子耦合。 未来的多太电子伏特μ子对撞机通过多种产生通道（包括通过电弱规范玻色子耦合的矢量玻色子融合以及由直接费米子耦合介导的顶夸克关联产生）探测类轴子粒子提供了有利环境。 由于量子色动力学轴子的质量问题，我们关注质量及衰变常数在TeV尺度附近的类轴子粒子。 我们研究了不同的类轴子粒子耦合如何影响其产生和衰变模式，揭示了丰富且复杂的物理现象图景。
Axion-like particles can couple to Standard Model gluons, electroweak gauge bosons, and massive fermions. A future multi-TeV muon collider provides a favorable environment to probe axion-like particles through multiple production channels, including vector boson fusion via electroweak gauge boson couplings and the top-associated production mediated by direct fermionic couplings. Motivated by the quality issue of the QCD axion, we focus on axion-like particles with masses and decay constants around the TeV scale. We explore how different axion-like particle couplings shape its production and decay modes, revealing a rich and intricate phenomenological landscape.
- [28] arXiv:2505.16961 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 预测碰撞中中微子味转换的结果标题： Predicting the outcome of collisional neutrino flavor conversion评论： 12页，5幅图主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE)
碰撞味不稳定性的出现是由中微子和反中微子反应率的不同引起的，预计会在超新星和中子星合并等密集的天体环境中发生，但尚未被纳入大规模模拟中。 我们推导了均匀且各向同性不稳定性导致的渐近状态的解析表达式，并将其应用于中子星合并模拟中的两种代表性条件。 我们强调使用一个允许味相干衰减以及回到经典稳态弛豫的碰撞项的重要性。 当这种经典构型处于碰撞不稳定时，所得到的渐近状态反映了经典弛豫与味转换之间的妥协，定义了一个具有非零相干性的“量子”平衡。 这一分析突显了经典效应和量子效应之间可能存在的权衡关系，这是关于将味振荡物理纳入全局模拟的一个重要特征。
Collisional flavor instabilities, driven by differing neutrino and antineutrino reaction rates, are expected to occur in dense astrophysical environments like supernovae and neutron star mergers, but have yet to be incorporated in large-scale simulations. We derive analytical expressions for the asymptotic state resulting from a homogeneous and isotropic instability, and apply these predictions to two representative conditions from a neutron star merger simulation. We emphasize the importance of using a collision term that allows for both damping of flavor coherence and relaxation back to the classical steady-state. When this classical configuration is collisional-unstable, the resulting asymptotic state reflects a compromise between classical relaxation and flavor conversion, defining a "quantum" equilibrium with nonzero coherence. This analysis highlights the possibility of a trade-off between classical and quantum effects, an important feature with regard to the inclusion of flavor oscillation physics into global simulations.
- [29] arXiv:2405.19953 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 高红移类星体和伽马射线暴是否支持詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜？标题： Do high redshift QSOs and GRBs corroborate JWST?评论： 已在v2中添加了关于频率学派置信区间的评论；v3即将出现在《暗宇宙物理学》中。主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜 (JWST) 报告了从 $\Lambda$CDM 视角看来颇具挑战性的大质量高红移星系。 这被解读为一个宇宙学问题，导致普朗克合作组低估了更高红移下的物质密度 $\Omega_m$ 或物理物质密度 $\Omega_m h^2$。 通过标准频率论轮廓似然法，我们找到了佐证类星体 (QSO) 和伽马射线暴 (GRB) 数据集，其中 $\Omega_m$ 随有效红移 $z_{\textrm{eff}}$ 增加而增大，并在更高红移时保持异常大的数值。 我们放宽了传统的先验假设，允许 $\Omega_m > 1$（与负暗能量密度一致），以便在可能的情况下定位轮廓似然峰值。 虽然$\Omega_m$与$z_{\textrm{eff}}$的变化与$\Lambda$CDM 模型相冲突，通过轮廓似然函数中$\chi^2$差异来界定频率学置信区间（文献中的主流技术）指向了伽马射线暴（GRBs）和类星体（QSOs）之间的$3.9 \sigma$和$7.9 \sigma$张力，以及 Planck-$\Lambda$CDM。 我们解释了现有轮廓似然文献中存在的近似方法，并强调了新的推广性方法。 我们表明，包括贝叶斯方法在内的替代方法也会导致类似的张力。 最后，在大样本极限下，我们证明了在存在边界（先验）的情况下，Feldman-Cousins 频率学置信区间的处方所得出的置信区间在上限上受 Wilks 定理的约束。
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is reporting massive high redshift galaxies that appear challenging from the $\Lambda$CDM perspective. Interpreted as a cosmological problem, this necessitates the Planck collaboration underestimating either matter density $\Omega_m$ or physical matter density $\Omega_m h^2$ at higher redshifts. Through standard frequentist profile likelihoods, we identify corroborating quasar (QSO) and gamma-ray burst (GRB) data sets where $\Omega_m$ increases with effective redshift $z_{\textrm{eff}}$ and remains anomalously large at higher redshifts. We relax the traditional priors by allowing for $\Omega_m > 1$, consistent with negative dark energy density, to locate profile likelihood peaks where possible. While the variation of $\Omega_m$ with $z_{\textrm{eff}}$ is at odds with the $\Lambda$CDM model, demarcating frequentist confidence intervals through differences in $\chi^2$ in profile likelihoods, the prevailing technique in the literature, points to $3.9 \sigma$ and $7.9 \sigma$ tensions between GRBs and QSOs, respectively, and Planck-$\Lambda$CDM. We explain the approximations inherent in the existing profile likelihood literature, and highlight fresh methodology that generalises the prescription. We show that alternative methods, including Bayesian approaches, lead to similar tensions. Finally, in the large sample limit, we show that Feldman-Cousins prescription for frequentist confidence intervals in the presence of a boundary (prior) leads to confidence intervals that are bounded above by Wilks' theorem.
- [30] arXiv:2405.21057 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 关于对偶振幅的雷格轨迹数标题： On the number of Regge trajectories for dual amplitudes评论： 版本3：改进了证明，增加了与先前工作的关系的讨论。主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
雷吉极点将散射振幅的解析结构（在自旋上解析延拓）与动量空间中的高能极限联系起来。对偶模型预计只有雷吉极点，并且弦理论表明应该有无穷多个。在这项研究中，我们探讨了这些模型可能具有的雷吉轨迹数量。我们仅基于 crossing 对称性和幺正性证明，无论是有还是没有减法的亚纯振幅，如果包含任意有限数量的雷吉轨迹，则不能产生雷吉化振幅。我们认为这应该排除这类振幅的存在。此外，我们开发并应用了一种线性规划对偶引导方法，在动量空间中直接排除这些振幅。
Regge poles connect the analytic structure of scattering amplitudes, analytically continued in spin, to the high-energy limit in momentum space. Dual models are expected to have only Regge poles, and string theory suggests there should be an infinite number of them. In this study, we investigate the number of Regge trajectories these models may have. We prove, based solely on crossing symmetry and unitarity, that meromorphic amplitudes, with or without subtractions, cannot produce a reggeizing amplitude if they contain any finite number of Regge trajectories. We argue that this should exclude the existence of such amplitudes altogether. Additionally, we develop and apply a linear programming dual bootstrap method to exclude these amplitudes directly in momentum space.
- [31] arXiv:2407.13967 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 关于首次出现在两圈的规范振幅标题： On gauge amplitudes first appearing at two loops评论： 修正了拼写错误和一些图表主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
我们研究了无质量非阿贝尔规范理论中的散射振幅，其中所有出射胶子的螺旋度均为正。 Costello 最近指出，在特定的费米子表示（$SU(N)$ 中 8 个基本表示加一个反对称张量表示）下，一环振幅恒为零。 我们证明了这种消失导致了一种先前观察到的一环颜色排序部分振幅之间的恒等式。 然后我们转向两环，在此情况下，Costello 使用天文学级联代数（CCA）自举法计算了该理论的所有正螺旋度振幅，这些振幅是任意数量胶子动力学的有理函数。 我们证明了在维度正则化下，这些两环振幅不是有理的，并且当 $\epsilon\to0$ 时它们甚至不是有限的。然而，四个胶子的有限余项与 Costello 的公式一致。 此外，我们为红外发散的圈积分提供了一个质量调节器；使用这个调节器，CCA 自举公式被精确恢复。 最后，我们利用 CCA 自举法计算了任意数量胶子的该理论在两环下的双迹项。
We study scattering amplitudes in massless non-abelian gauge theory where all outgoing gluons have positive helicity. It has been argued recently by Costello that for a particular fermion representation (8 fundamentals plus one antisymmetric-tensor representation in $SU(N)$) the one-loop amplitudes vanish identically. We show that this vanishing leads to previously-observed identities among one-loop color-ordered partial amplitudes. We then turn to two loops, where Costello has computed the all-plus amplitudes for this theory, as rational functions of the kinematics for any number of gluons using the celestial chiral algebra (CCA) bootstrap. We show that in dimensional regularization, these two-loop amplitudes are not rational, and they are not even finite as $\epsilon\to0$. However, the finite remainder for four gluons agrees with the formula by Costello. In addition, we provide a mass regulator for the infrared-divergent loop integrals; with this regulator, the CCA bootstrap formula is recovered exactly. Finally, we use the CCA bootstrap to compute the double-trace terms in the theory at two loops for an arbitrary number of gluons.
- [32] arXiv:2410.24011 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 量子非均匀场论：类似于Unruh效应和泡泡壁摩擦标题： Quantum Inhomogeneous Field Theory: Unruh-Like Effects and Bubble Wall Friction评论： 34页，1幅图，添加了对几部分内容的详细解释，增加了参考文献，为发表版本。主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
本文中，我们研究了(1+1)维特定弯曲时空中的自由标量场。通过引入局部为Hadamard态的代数态，我们推导出了重整化的Wightman函数，并显式计算了直到相关阶次的协变守恒量子能量动量张量。由此结果，我们表明，在传统弯曲时空中有效的Hadamard重整化方案同样适用于量子非均匀场论。作为这一框架的应用，我们展示了对于略微偏离右渐近区域的观测者存在类似于Unruh效应的现象，以及在早期宇宙电弱相变过程中泡壁膨胀时的量子摩擦效应。因此，本研究验证了我们构建量子非均匀场论中有意义物理量方法的一致性。
In this paper, we study a free scalar field in a specific (1+1)-dimensional curved spacetime. By introducing an algebraic state that is locally Hadamard, we derive the renormalized Wightman function and explicitly calculate the covariantly conserved quantum energy-momentum tensor up to a relevant order. From this result, we show that the Hadamard renormalization scheme, which has been effective in traditional quantum field theory in curved spacetime, is also applicable in the quantum inhomogeneous field theory. As applications of this framework, we show the existence of an Unruh-like effect for an observer slightly out of the right asymptotic region, as well as a quantum frictional effect on the bubble wall expansion during the electroweak phase transition in the early universe. Consequently, this study validates the consistency of our method for constructing meaningful physical quantities in quantum inhomogeneous field theory.
- [33] arXiv:2411.19091 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 格点QCD中八味夸克子分布振幅的更新确定标题： Updated determination of light-cone distribution amplitudes of octet baryons in lattice QCDG.S. Bali, V.M. Braun, S. Bürger, M. Göckeler, M. Gruber, F. Kaiser, B.A. Kniehl, O.L. Veretin, P. Wein评论： 8页，4个图；v2版：13页，6个图，大幅扩展，错误修正，结果几乎不变期刊参考： 物理评论D 111, 094517 (2025)主题： 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
我们展示了关于最低重子八重态的波函数归一化常数以及光锥分布振幅的一阶矩的更新结果。 分析是在大量的$n_f=2+1$格点规范系综上进行的，其中包括物理π介子（和K介子）质量的系综。 这些系综分布在五个不同的格点间距上，从而能够控制连续极限。 与我们早期工作的主要区别在于使用了两圈转换因子来转换到类似$\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$的方案，并且在夸克质量依赖性的参数化中使用了更新的低能常数集。 作为副产品，首次得到了具有一个导数的局域三夸克算符的反常维度。
We present updated results on the wave function normalization constants and the first moments of the light cone distribution amplitudes for the lowest-lying baryon octet. The analysis is carried out on a large number of $n_f=2+1$ lattice gauge ensembles, including ensembles at physical pion (and kaon) masses. These are spread across five different lattice spacings, enabling a controlled continuum limit. The main differences with respect to our earlier work are the use of two-loop conversion factors to an $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$-like scheme and of an updated set of low-energy constants in the parametrization of the quark mass dependence. As a byproduct, for the first time, the anomalous dimensions for local three-quark operators with one derivative are obtained.
- [34] arXiv:2412.15144 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 原初引力波探测非标准热历史标题： Primordial Gravitational Wave Probes of Non-Standard Thermal Histories评论： 19页，6个图主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)
原初引力波从产生时刻直到现在几乎不受阻碍地传播。然而，它们仍然会受到非平凡传递函数的卷积影响。 在标准热历史情况下，温度-红移关系的变化与自由流中微子的阻尼效应相结合，在辐射主导阶段以非平凡的方式处理不同波长，而在之后的时间段内影响可忽略不计。 假设一个接近尺度不变的原初光谱，可以得到一个特征晚期光谱，其偏离表明偏离了标准热历史。 鉴于核合成之前的早期宇宙物理探针稀少，了解如何通过晚期随机背景的观测来限制早期宇宙标准热历史的偏差是有用的。 晚期光谱密度在高频段有一个平台，原则上可以根据重新加热和辐射主导终期之间的状态方程显著增强或抑制，与熵生产爆发和中间尺度上的各向异性应力生产相关的额外特征叠加。 本文调查了物质主导、动力学和晚期衰变粒子作为代表性非标准热历史的实验上启发性场景，详细阐述了它们的晚期随机背景，并讨论了不同模型场景的限制。
Primordial gravitational waves propagate almost unimpeded from the moment they are generated to the present epoch. Nevertheless, they are subject to convolution with a non-trivial transfer function. Within the standard thermal history, shifts in the temperature-redshift relation combine with damping effects by free streaming neutrinos to non-trivially process different wavelengths during radiation domination, with subsequently negligible effects at later times. Presuming a nearly scale invariant primordial spectrum, one obtains a characteristic late time spectrum, deviations from which would indicate departures from the standard thermal history. Given the paucity of probes of the early universe physics before nucleosynthesis, it is useful to classify how deviations from the standard thermal history of the early universe can be constrained from observations of the late time stochastic background. The late time spectral density has a plateau at high frequencies that can in principle be significantly enhanced or suppressed relative to the standard thermal history depending on the equation of state of the epoch intervening reheating and the terminal phase of radiation domination, imprinting additional features from bursts of entropy production, and additional damping at intermediate scales via anisotropic stress production. In this paper, we survey phenomenologically motivated scenarios of early matter domination, kination, and late time decaying particles as representative non-standard thermal histories, elaborate on their late time stochastic background, and discuss constraints on different model scenarios.
- [35] arXiv:2503.00131 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 微调机器学习的粒子流重建以适应未来对撞机中的新探测器几何结构标题： Fine-tuning machine-learned particle-flow reconstruction for new detector geometries in future colliders评论： 20页，13幅图期刊参考： 物理评论D 111, 092015 (2025)主题： 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 数据分析、统计与概率 (physics.data-an) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
我们展示了在为高能粒子对撞机的粒子流重建训练的机器学习算法中的迁移学习能力。 本文介绍了一项跨探测器微调研究，在这项研究中，我们首先在一个来自一种探测器设计的大规模完整模拟数据集上预训练模型，然后在具有不同对撞机和探测器设计的样本上微调模型。 具体来说，我们使用紧凑线性对撞机探测器（CLICdet）模型作为初始训练集，并证明了成功地将知识转移到为未来环形对撞机在电子-正电子模式下提出的类似CLIC的探测器（CLD）。 我们表明，与从头开始昂贵的训练相比，使用第二数据集的一个数量级更少的样本，我们可以实现相同级别的性能，包括粒子级和事件级性能指标，例如喷注和缺失横向动量分辨率。 此外，我们发现经过100,000个CLD事件训练后，微调后的模型在事件级指标上的表现与传统的基于规则的粒子流方法相当，而从零开始训练的模型需要至少100万个CLD事件才能达到类似的重建性能。 据我们所知，这代表了针对粒子流重建的首次完整的全模拟跨探测器迁移学习研究。 这些发现为构建可以在不同探测器设计和几何形状之间进行微调的大型基础模型提供了宝贵的见解，有助于加速新探测器的开发周期，并为利用机器学习进行快速探测器设计和优化打开了大门。
We demonstrate transfer learning capabilities in a machine-learned algorithm trained for particle-flow reconstruction in high energy particle colliders. This paper presents a cross-detector fine-tuning study, where we initially pretrain the model on a large full simulation dataset from one detector design, and subsequently fine-tune the model on a sample with a different collider and detector design. Specifically, we use the Compact Linear Collider detector (CLICdet) model for the initial training set and demonstrate successful knowledge transfer to the CLIC-like detector (CLD) proposed for the Future Circular Collider in electron-positron mode. We show that with an order of magnitude less samples from the second dataset, we can achieve the same performance as a costly training from scratch, across particle-level and event-level performance metrics, including jet and missing transverse momentum resolution. Furthermore, we find that the fine-tuned model achieves comparable performance to the traditional rule-based particle-flow approach on event-level metrics after training on 100,000 CLD events, whereas a model trained from scratch requires at least 1 million CLD events to achieve similar reconstruction performance. To our knowledge, this represents the first full-simulation cross-detector transfer learning study for particle-flow reconstruction. These findings offer valuable insights towards building large foundation models that can be fine-tuned across different detector designs and geometries, helping to accelerate the development cycle for new detectors and opening the door to rapid detector design and optimization using machine learning.
- [36] arXiv:2503.07289 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 高斯过程回归作为（高亮度）-大型强子对撞机的数据驱动可持续背景估计算法标题： Gaussian Process Regression as a Sustainable Data-driven Background Estimate Method at the (HL)-LHC评论： 准备提交给EPJC（第二版）主题： 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
本文中，我们评估了一种基于高斯过程回归（GPR）的数据驱动背景估计方法的性能。 考虑了由CMS进行的一项搜索中得到的一个现实背景光谱，其中包含了触发阈值以下的大范围子区域。 结果表明，$L_2$正则化可以作为一组超参数，并控制整体建模性能以满足大型强子对撞机（LHC）实验所确立的通用标准。 此外，通过匹配高亮度LHC（HL-LHC）预期亮度的伪实验，我们展示了该方法在亮度增加情况下的鲁棒性。 尽管在LHC运行期间传统依赖经验函数的方法已经受到挑战，但基于GPR的技术可以提供一种在整个（HL）-LHC寿命期间都有效的解决方案。
In this article, we evaluate the performance of a data-driven background estimate method based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). A realistic background spectrum from a search conducted by CMS is considered, where a large sub-region below the trigger threshold is included. It is found that the $L_2$ regularisation can serve as a set of hyperparameters and control the overall modelling performance to satisfy common standards established by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition, we show the robustness of this method against increasing luminosity via pseudo-experiments matching the expected luminosity at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). While traditional methods relying on empirical functions have been challenged during LHC Run 2 already, a GPR-based technique can offer a solution that is valid through the entire lifetime of the (HL)-LHC.