Title: Atmospheres and radiating surfaces of neutron stars Show Chinese title

Title: 中子星的大气和辐射表面

Abstract: The early 21st century witnesses a dramatic rise in the study of thermal radiation of neutron stars. Modern space telescopes have provided a wealth of valuable information which, when properly interpreted, can elucidate the physics of superdense matter in the interior of these stars. This interpretation is necessarily based on the theory of formation of neutron star thermal spectra, which, in turn, is based on plasma physics and on the understanding of radiative processes in stellar photospheres. In this paper, the current status of the theory is reviewed with particular emphasis on neutron stars with strong magnetic fields. In addition to the conventional deep (semi-infinite) atmospheres, radiative condensed surfaces of neutron stars and "thin" (finite) atmospheres are considered. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 21世纪初见证了中子星热辐射研究的急剧增长。现代空间望远镜提供了大量有价值的信息，这些信息在正确解释后，可以阐明这些恒星内部超密物质的物理性质。这种解释必然基于中子星热谱形成理论，而该理论又建立在等离子体物理学和对恒星光球层辐射过程的理解之上。本文回顾了当前这一理论的状态，并特别关注具有强磁场的中子星。除了传统的深（半无限）大气层外，还考虑了中子星的辐射凝聚表面和“薄”（有限）大气层。