Title: Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Dayside-Nightside Temperature Differences Show Chinese title

Title: 热木星的大气环流：白天侧与夜晚侧的温度差异

Abstract: The full-phase infrared light curves of low-eccentricity hot Jupiters show a trend of increasing dayside-to-nightside brightness temperature difference with increasing equilibrium temperature. Here we present a three-dimensional model that explains this relationship, in order to shed insight on the processes that control heat redistribution in tidally-locked planetary atmospheres. This three-dimensional model combines predictive analytic theory for the atmospheric circulation and dayside-nightside temperature differences over a range of equilibrium temperature, atmospheric composition, and potential frictional drag strengths with numerical solutions of the circulation that verify this analytic theory. This analytic theory shows that the longitudinal propagation of waves mediates dayside-nightside temperature differences in hot Jupiter atmospheres, analogous to the wave adjustment mechanism that regulates the thermal structure in Earth's tropics. These waves can be damped in hot Jupiter atmospheres by either radiative cooling or potential frictional drag. This frictional drag would likely be caused by Lorentz forces in a partially ionized atmosphere threaded by a background magnetic field, and would increase in strength with increasing temperature. Additionally, the amplitude of radiative heating and cooling increases with increasing temperature, and hence both radiative heating/cooling and frictional drag damp waves more efficiently with increasing equilibrium temperature. Radiative heating and cooling play the largest role in controlling dayside-nightside temperature temperature differences in both our analytic theory and numerical simulations, with frictional drag only important if it is stronger than the Coriolis force. As a result, dayside-nightside temperature differences in hot Jupiter atmospheres increase with increasing stellar irradiation and decrease with increasing pressure. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 低偏心率热木星的全相红外光变曲线显示，随着平衡温度的增加，白天侧与夜晚侧的亮度温度差呈现出增加的趋势。 在这里，我们提出一个三维模型来解释这种关系，以揭示控制潮汐锁定行星大气中热量再分布过程的机制。 这个三维模型结合了预测性解析理论，用于在不同平衡温度、大气成分和潜在摩擦阻力强度下，大气环流以及白天侧与夜晚侧温度差异的分析，并通过数值解验证了这一解析理论。 该解析理论表明，波的纵向传播在热木星大气中调节白天侧与夜晚侧的温度差异，类似于调控地球热带热结构的波调整机制。 这些波在热木星大气中可以通过辐射冷却或潜在的摩擦阻力而被阻尼。 这种摩擦阻力很可能是由部分电离大气中背景磁场穿过的洛伦兹力引起的，并且随着温度的升高而增强。 此外，辐射加热和冷却的幅度随着温度的升高而增加，因此随着平衡温度的升高，辐射加热/冷却和摩擦阻力对波的阻尼效率更高。 在我们的解析理论和数值模拟中，辐射加热和冷却在控制白天侧与夜晚侧温度差异方面起着最大的作用，只有当摩擦阻力强于科里奥利力时才重要。 因此，热木星大气中的白天侧与夜晚侧温度差异随着恒星照射的增加而增加，并随着压力的增加而减少。