Title: Inhomogeneous Cosmology Redux Show Chinese title

Title: 非均匀宇宙学再审视

Abstract: An alternative to the postulate of dark energy required to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe is to adopt an inhomogeneous cosmological model to explain the supernovae data without dark energy. We adopt a void cosmology model, based on the inhomogeneous Lema\^{i}tre-Tolman-Bondi solution of Einstein's field equations. The model can resolve observational anomalies in the $\Lambda CDM$ model, such as the discrepancy between the locally measured value of the Hubble constant, $H_0=73.24\pm 1.74\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, and the $H_0=66.93\pm 0.62\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ determined by the Planck satellite data and the $\Lambda CDM$ model, and the lithium $^{7}{\rm Li}$ problem, which is a $5\sigma$ mismatch between the theoretical prediction for the $^{7}{\rm Li}$ from big bang nucleosynthesis and the value that we observe locally today at $z=0$. The void model can also resolve the tension between the number of massive clusters derived from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect by the Planck satellite and the number expected from the CMB anisotropies, and the CMB weak lensing anomaly observed in the Planck data. The cosmological Copernican principle and the time and position today coincidence conundrums in the $\Lambda CDM$ and void cosmological models are discussed. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 一种替代需要解释宇宙加速膨胀的暗能量假设的方法是采用非均匀宇宙学模型来解释超新星数据而无需暗能量。 我们采用一种空洞宇宙学模型，该模型基于爱因斯坦场方程的非均匀Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi解。 该模型可以解决$\Lambda CDM$模型中的观测异常，例如局域测量的哈勃常数$H_0=73.24\pm 1.74\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$与通过普朗克卫星数据和$\Lambda CDM$模型确定的$H_0=66.93\pm 0.62\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$之间的差异，以及锂$^{7}{\rm Li}$问题，这是大爆炸核合成理论预测的$^{7}{\rm Li}$与我们今天在$z=0$局域观测到的值之间的$5\sigma$不匹配。 真空模型还可以解决普朗克卫星通过太阳亚夫-泽尔多维奇效应得出的大量星系团数量与从宇宙微波背景各向异性预期的数量之间的矛盾，以及普朗克数据中观测到的宇宙微波背景弱透镜异常。 宇宙学哥白尼原理以及在$\Lambda CDM$和真空宇宙学模型中今天的时间和位置巧合困境被讨论。