Title: Origin of Small-Scale Anisotropies in Galactic Cosmic Rays Show Chinese title

Title: 银河宇宙射线小尺度各向异性的起源

Abstract: The arrival directions of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are highly isotropic. This is expected from the presence of turbulent magnetic fields in our Galactic environment that repeatedly scatter charged CRs during propagation. However, various CR observatories have identified weak anisotropies of various angular sizes and with relative intensities of up to a level of 1 part in 1,000. Whereas large-scale anisotropies are generally predicted by standard diffusion models, the appearance of small-scale anisotropies down to an angular size of 10 degrees is surprising. In this review, we summarise the current experimental situation for both the large-scale and small-scale anisotropies. We address some of the issues in comparing different experimental results and remaining questions in interpreting the observed large-scale anisotropies. We then review the standard diffusive picture and its difficulty in producing the small-scale anisotropies. Having set the stage, we review the various ideas and models put forward for explaining the small-scale anisotropies. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 银河宇宙射线（CRs）的到达方向高度各向同性。 这是由于我们的银河系环境中存在湍动磁场，这些磁场在传播过程中反复散射带电CRs所预期的结果。 然而，各种CR观测台已经识别出不同角大小和相对强度达千分之一的小幅各向异性。 虽然大尺度各向异性通常由标准扩散模型预测，但小尺度各向异性（小至10度角大小）的出现令人惊讶。 在这篇综述中，我们总结了大尺度和小尺度各向异性的当前实验情况。 我们讨论了一些比较不同实验结果以及解释观测到的大尺度各向异性时存在的问题。 然后，我们回顾了标准扩散图像及其在产生小尺度各向异性方面的困难。 在奠定基础后，我们回顾了为解释小尺度各向异性而提出的各种想法和模型。