Title: Bioinspired approaches to toughen calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone repair Show Chinese title

Title: 仿生方法增强用于骨修复的磷酸钙基陶瓷的韧性

Abstract: To respond to the increasing need for bone repair strategies, various types of biomaterials have been developed. Among those, calcium phosphate ceramics (CPCs) are promising since they possess a chemical composition similar to that of bones. To be suitable for implants, CPCs need to fulfill a number of biological and mechanical requirements. Fatigue resistance and toughness are two key mechanical properties that are still challenging to obtain in CPCs. This paper thus reviews and discusses current progress in the processing of CPCs with bioinspired microstructures for load-bearing applications. First, methods to obtain CPCs with bioinspired structure at individual lengthscales, namely nano-, micro-, and macroscale are discussed. Then, approaches to attain synergetic contribution of all lengthscales through a complex and biomimetic hierarchical structure are reviewed. The processing methods and their design capabilities are presented and the mechanical properties of the materials they can produce are analysed. Their limitations and challenges are finally discussed to suggest new directions for the fabrication of biomimetic bone implants with satisfactory properties. The paper could help biomedical researchers, materials scientists and engineers to join forces to create the next generation of bone implants. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 为了应对骨修复策略日益增长的需求，已经开发了各种类型的生物材料。 其中，磷酸钙陶瓷（CPCs）具有前景，因为它们的化学成分与骨骼相似。 为了适合植入物，CPCs需要满足一系列生物和机械要求。 疲劳抗性和韧性是两个关键的机械性能，在CPCs中仍难以获得。 因此，本文回顾并讨论了在仿生微观结构下制备CPCs用于承重应用的最新进展。 首先，讨论了在个体尺度上获得具有仿生结构的CPCs的方法，即纳米、微米和宏观尺度。 然后，回顾了通过复杂且仿生的分层结构实现所有尺度协同贡献的方法。 介绍了加工方法及其设计能力，并分析了它们能够生产的材料的机械性能。 最后讨论了它们的局限性和挑战，以提出制造具有良好性能的仿生骨植入物的新方向。 本文可以帮助生物医学研究人员、材料科学家和工程师共同努力，创造下一代骨植入物。