Title: Political Strategies to Overcome Climate Policy Obstructionism Show Chinese title

Title: 政治策略以克服气候政策阻碍主义

Abstract: Great socio-economic transitions see the demise of certain industries and the rise of others. The losers of the transition tend to deploy a variety of tactics to obstruct change. We develop a political-economy model of interest group competition and garner evidence of tactics deployed in the global climate movement. From this we deduce a set of strategies for how the climate movement competes against entrenched hydrocarbon interests. Five strategies for overcoming obstructionism emerge: (1) Appeasement, which involves compensating the losers; (2) Co-optation, which seeks to instigate change by working with incumbents; (3) Institutionalism, which involves changes to public institutions to support decarbonization; (4) Antagonism, which creates reputational or litigation costs to inaction; and (5) Countervailance, which makes low-carbon alternatives more competitive. We argue that each strategy addresses the problem of obstructionism through a different lens, reflecting a diversity of actors and theories of change within the climate movement. The choice of which strategy to pursue depends on the institutional context. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 伟大的社会经济转型会导致某些行业的衰落和另一些行业的兴起。 转型的失败者往往采取各种策略来阻碍变化。 我们发展了一个利益集团竞争的政治经济学模型，并收集了全球气候运动中采取的策略证据。 由此，我们推导出一套气候运动如何与既得化石能源利益进行竞争的策略。 浮现出了五种克服阻碍主义的策略：(1) 妥协，即补偿失败者；(2) 收买，即通过与既有势力合作来引发变化；(3) 制度主义，即对公共机构进行改革以支持去碳化；(4) 对抗，即对不作为造成声誉或诉讼成本；以及(5) 抵消，即使低碳替代方案更具竞争力。 我们认为，每种策略都通过不同的视角来解决阻碍问题，反映了气候运动中多样化的行动者和变革理论。 选择哪种策略取决于制度背景。