Title: JWST reveals a high fraction of disk breaks at $1\leq z\leq 3$ Show Chinese title

Title: 詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜揭示了大量盘状断裂现象出现在$1\leq z\leq 3$

Abstract: We analyzed the deconvolved surface brightness profiles of 247 massive and angularly large disk galaxies at $1\leq z\leq 3$ to study high-redshift disk breaks, using F356W-band images from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey (CEERS). We found that 12.6% of these galaxies exhibit type I (exponential) profiles, 56.7% exhibit type II (down-bending) profiles, and 34.8% exhibit type III (up-bending) profiles. Moreover, we showed that galaxies that are more massive, centrally concentrated, or redder, tend to show fewer type II and more type III breaks. These fractions and the detected dependencies on galaxy properties are in good agreement with those observed in the Local Universe. In particular, the ratio of the type II disk break radius to the bar radius in barred galaxies typically peaks at a value of 2.25, perhaps due to bar-induced radial migration. However, the timescale for secular evolution may be too lengthy to explain the observed breaks at such high redshifts. Instead, violent disk instabilities may be responsible, where spiral arms and clumps torque fling out the material, leading to the formation of outer exponential disks. Our results provide further evidence for the assertion that the Hubble Sequence was already in place during these early periods. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 我们分析了247个质量大且角尺度大的盘星系在$1\leq z\leq 3$的去卷积表面亮度分布，以研究高红移盘中断现象，使用的数据来自宇宙学演化早期释放科学调查（CEERS）的F356W波段图像。 我们发现，这些星系中有12.6%表现出I型（指数）分布，56.7%表现出II型（向下弯曲）分布，而34.8%表现出III型（向上弯曲）分布。 此外，我们还表明，质量更大、中心更集中或颜色更红的星系往往表现出较少的II型和更多的III型中断。 这些比例以及检测到的与星系性质的依赖关系与在本星系群中观测到的结果非常一致。 特别是，在有棒的星系中，II型盘中断半径与棒半径的比值通常峰值约为2.25，这可能是由于棒诱导的径向迁移造成的。 然而，恒星演化的时标可能太长，无法解释如此高红移处观测到的中断。 相反，剧烈的盘不稳定可能是罪魁祸首，其中螺旋臂和团块的扭矩会抛出物质，导致外部指数盘的形成。 我们的结果进一步证明了断言：在这些早期时期，哈勃序列已经就位。