Title: $\text{QED}_\text{r}$: a finite-volume QED action with redistributed spatial zero-momentum modes Show Chinese title

Title: $\text{QED}_\text{r}$: 一种具有重新分布的空间零动量模的有限体积QED作用量

Abstract: We present a finite-volume QED action designed to improve the infinite-volume extrapolation of hadronic observables in precision lattice QCD+QED calculations. The action proposed in this work, which we call $\text{QED}_\text{r}$, can be seen as a particular case of the infrared-improved QED actions introduced by Davoudi et al. in 2019, and is specifically designed to remove kinematics-independent finite-volume corrections that appear at $\mathrm{O}(1/L^3)$ in the commonly used $\text{QED}_\text{L}$ formulation, where $L$ is the spatial extent of the physical volume. For a number of key observables, these effects depend on the internal structure of the hadrons and are difficult to evaluate non-perturbatively, making an analytical subtraction of the finite-volume effects impractical. We explicitly study the $\text{QED}_\text{r}$ electromagnetic finite-size effects on hadron masses and leptonic decay rates, relevant for Standard Model precision tests using the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements. In addition, we propose methods to remove the kinematics-dependent $\mathrm{O}(1/L^3)$ effects in leptonic decays. The removal of such contributions, shifting the leading contamination to $\mathrm{O}(1/L^4)$, will help to reduce the systematic uncertainties associated with finite-volume effects in future lattice QCD+QED calculations. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 我们提出了一种有限体积的QED作用量，旨在改进精确格点QCD+QED计算中强子可观测量的无限体积外推。 本文提出的动作，我们称之为$\text{QED}_\text{r}$，可以看作是Davoudi等人在2019年引入的红外改进QED作用量的一个特例，并专门设计用于消除在常用$\text{QED}_\text{L}$公式中出现在$\mathrm{O}(1/L^3)$的与运动学无关的有限体积修正，其中$L$是物理体积的空间范围。 对于一些关键可观测量，这些效应依赖于强子的内部结构，并且难以非微扰地评估，使得有限体积效应的解析减去变得不切实际。 我们明确研究了$\text{QED}_\text{r}$电磁有限尺寸效应对强子质量和轻子衰变率的影响，这对于使用Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa矩阵元进行标准模型精度测试是相关的。 此外，我们提出了去除轻子衰变中与运动学相关的$\mathrm{O}(1/L^3)$效的方法。 去除这些贡献，将主要污染转移到$\mathrm{O}(1/L^4)$，有助于减少未来格点QCD+QED计算中与有限体积效应相关的系统不确定性。