Title: Quantum Computer Fingerprinting using Error Syndromes Show Chinese title

Title: 使用错误校验的量子计算机指纹识别

Abstract: As quantum computing matures and moves toward broader accessibility through cloud-based platforms, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of quantum computations becomes an urgent concern. In this work, we propose a strategy to leverage the byproducts of quantum error correction (QEC) to verify hardware identity and authenticate quantum computations for "free", without introducing any additional quantum computations or measurements. By treating syndrome measurements as a source of metadata, we embed verification seamlessly into standard QEC protocols and eliminate the need for separate challenge-response pairs. We validate our approach using multiple error-correcting codes, quantum states, and circuit compilation strategies on several generations of IBM quantum computers. Our classifiers achieve 99% accuracy with only 500 shots in distinguishing among five backends. Overall, we re-purpose the intrinsic overhead of error correction to be a mechanism for securing quantum computation. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 随着量子计算的发展并借助基于云的平台向更广泛的用户开放，确保量子计算的真实性和完整性成为一个紧迫的问题。 在本工作中，我们提出了一种策略，利用量子纠错（QEC）的副产物来验证硬件身份并为量子计算进行认证，而无需引入任何额外的量子计算或测量操作。 通过将综合征测量作为元数据的来源，我们将验证无缝嵌入到标准的QEC协议中，并消除了对单独的挑战-响应对的需求。 我们在多个代的IBM量子计算机上使用多种纠错码、量子态和电路编译策略验证了我们的方法。 我们的分类器仅使用500次测量即可在五个后端之间达到99%的准确率。 总体而言，我们将纠错的固有开销重新用于保障量子计算的安全性。