Title: A Galactic Perspective on the (Unremarkable) Relative Refractory Depletion Observed in the Sun Show Chinese title

Title: 太阳中观察到的（不引人注目的）相对不应期耗竭的银河系视角

Abstract: Over the last two decades, the Sun has been observed to be depleted in refractory elements as a function of elemental condensation temperature (\tcond) relative to $\sim 80\%$ of its counterparts. We assess the impact of Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) on refractory element--\tcond\ trends for 109,500 unique solar analogs from the GALAH, APOGEE, Gaia RVS, and \cite{bedell18} surveys. We find that a star's \feh\ and \alphafe\ are indicators of its \tcond\ slope (\rsq\ = $15 \pm 5$, $23 \pm 10\%$ respectively) while \teff\ and \logg\ contribute more weakly (\rsq\ = $9 \pm 5$, $13 \pm 16\%$). The Sun's abundance pattern resembles that of more metal-rich (0.1 dex) and $\alpha$-depleted stars ($-0.02$ dex), suggesting a connection to broader GCE trends. To more accurately model stars' nucleosynthetic signatures, we apply the K-process model from \cite{Griffith24}, which casts each star's abundance pattern as a linear combination of core-collapse and Type Ia supernovae contributions. We find the Sun appears chemically ordinary in this framework, lying within $0.5\sigma$ of the expected solar analog abundance distribution. We show that refractory element--\tcond\ trends arise because elements with higher \tcond\ have higher contributions from core-collapse supernovae. Refractory element depletion trends primarily reflect nucleosynthetic enrichment patterns shaped by GCE and local ISM inhomogeneities, with these processes accounting for $93\%$ of the observed variation within 2$\sigma$. This work highlights how abundance diversity due to local and global chemical enrichment may often mask and mimic population-scale signatures of planet-related processes. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 在过去二十年中，太阳被观测到其难熔元素的含量随元素冷凝温度（\tcond ）相对于其同类物质的$\sim 80\%$而减少。我们评估银河系化学演化（GCE）对109,500个独特的太阳类似物的难熔元素—\tcond 趋势的影响，这些太阳类似物来自GALAH、APOGEE、Gaia RVS和\cite{bedell18}情报。 我们发现恒星的\feh 和\alphafe 是其\tcond 倾斜度（\rsq =$15 \pm 5$，$23 \pm 10\%$分别）的指示器，而\teff 和\logg 贡献较弱（\rsq =$9 \pm 5$，$13 \pm 16\%$）。 太阳的丰度模式与更金属丰富的（0.1 dex）和$\alpha$-耗尽的恒星（$-0.02$ dex）相似，表明与更广泛的GCE趋势有关。 为了更准确地模拟恒星的核合成特征，我们应用了来自\cite{Griffith24}的K过程模型，将每颗恒星的丰度模式表示为核心爆发和Ia型超新星贡献的线性组合。 我们发现，在这种框架下，太阳在化学上是普通的，位于预期的太阳类似物丰度分布的$0.5\sigma$之内。 我们表明，难熔元素--\tcond 趋势出现是因为具有更高\tcond 的元素来自核心爆发超新星的贡献更高。 难熔元素耗竭趋势主要反映了由GCE和局部ISM不均匀性塑造的核合成富集模式，这些过程解释了2$\sigma$内观察到的变化的$93\%$。 这项工作强调了由于局部和全球化学富集导致的丰度多样性可能经常掩盖和模仿与行星相关过程有关的群体尺度特征。