Title: LensPlus: A High Space-bandwidth Optical Imaging Technique Show Chinese title

Title: LensPlus：一种高空间带宽的光学成像技术

Abstract: The space-bandwidth product (SBP) imposes a fundamental limitation in achieving high-resolution and large field-of-view image acquisitions simultaneously. High-NA objectives provide fine structural detail at the cost of reduced spatial coverage and slower scanning as compared to a low-NA objective, while low-NA objectives offer wide fields of view but compromised resolution. Here, we introduce LensPlus, a deep learning-based framework that enhances the SBP of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) without requiring hardware modifications. By training on paired datasets acquired with low-NA and high-NA objectives, LensPlus learns to recover high-frequency features lost in low-NA measurements, effectively bridging the resolution gap while preserving the large field of view and thereby increasing the SBP. We demonstrate that LensPlus can transform images acquired with a 10x/0.3 NA objective (40x/0.95 NA for another model) to a quality comparable to that obtained using a 40x/0.95 NA objective (100x/1.45 NA for the second model), resulting in an SBP improvement of approximately 1.87x (1.43x for the second model). Importantly, unlike adversarial models, LensPlus employs a non-generative model to minimize image hallucinations and ensure quantitative fidelity as verified through spectral analysis. Beyond QPI, LensPlus is broadly applicable to other lens-based imaging modalities, enabling wide-field, high-resolution imaging for time-lapse studies, large-area tissue mapping, and applications where high-NA oil objectives are impractical. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 空间带宽积（SBP）在同时实现高分辨率和大视场图像采集方面设定了基本限制。 高数值孔径（NA）物镜在牺牲空间覆盖范围和降低扫描速度的情况下，提供精细的结构细节，而低数值孔径（NA）物镜则提供宽视场但分辨率受损。 在此，我们引入了LensPlus，这是一个基于深度学习的框架，可以在不进行硬件修改的情况下增强定量相位成像（QPI）的空间带宽积（SBP）。 通过在使用低NA和高NA物镜获取的配对数据集上进行训练，LensPlus能够恢复在低NA测量中丢失的高频特征，从而有效弥合分辨率差距，同时保持大视场，从而提高SBP。 我们证明了 LensPlus可以将使用10x/0.3 NA物镜（另一个模型为40x/0.95 NA）获取的图像转换为与使用40x/0.95 NA物镜（第二个模型为100x/1.45 NA）获得的图像质量相当，从而实现大约1.87倍（第二个模型为1.43倍）的SBP改进。 重要的是，与对抗模型不同，LensPlus采用非生成模型以最小化图像幻觉，并通过光谱分析验证确保定量保真度。 除了QPI之外，LensPlus广泛适用于其他基于透镜的成像模式，使得宽场、高分辨率成像成为可能，适用于时间推移研究、大面积组织映射以及高NA油浸物镜不切实际的应用场景。