Title: Full counting statistics of electron-photon hybrid systems: Joint statistics and fluctuation symmetry Show Chinese title

Title: 电子-光子混合系统的完整计数统计：联合统计和涨落对称性

Abstract: Electron-photon hybrid systems serve as ideal light-matter interfaces with broad applications in quantum technologies. These systems are typically operated dynamically under nonequilibrium conditions, giving rise to coupled electronic and photonic currents. Understanding the joint fluctuation behavior of these currents is essential for assessing the performance of light-matter interfaces that rely on electron-photon correlations. Here, we investigate the full counting statistics of coupled electronic and photonic currents in an experimentally feasible hybrid system composed of a double quantum dot coupled to an optical cavity. We employ the framework of quantum Lindblad master equation which is augmented with both electronic and photonic counting fields to derive their joint cumulant generating function--a treatment that differs significantly from existing studies, which typically focus on either electron or photon statistics separately. We reveal that the ratio between photonic and electronic currents, as well as their variances, can deviate from an expected quadratic scaling law in the large electron-photon coupling regime. Furthermore, we demonstrate that conventional modelings of photonic dissipation channels in quantum master equations must be modified to ensure that the joint cumulant generating function satisfies the fluctuation symmetry enforced by the fluctuation theorem. Our results advance the understanding of joint fluctuation behaviors in electron-photon hybrid systems and may inform the design of efficient quantum light-matter interfaces. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 电子-光子混合系统作为理想的光-物质接口，在量子技术中有广泛的应用。 这些系统通常在非平衡条件下动态运行，导致耦合的电子和光子电流。 理解这些电流的联合涨落行为对于评估依赖于电子-光子关联的光-物质接口的性能至关重要。 在这里，我们研究了一个实验上可行的混合系统中耦合电子和光子电流的全计数统计，该系统由耦合到光学腔的双量子点组成。 我们采用量子 Lindblad 主方程框架，并结合电子和光子计数场来推导它们的联合累积量生成函数——这种处理方式与现有研究显著不同，现有研究通常分别关注电子或光子统计。 我们发现，在强电子-光子耦合区域，光子和电子电流的比值以及它们的方差可能偏离预期的二次标度定律。 此外，我们证明了在量子主方程中对光子耗散通道的传统建模必须进行修改，以确保联合累积量生成函数满足由涨落定理强制的涨落对称性。 我们的结果加深了对电子-光子混合系统中联合涨落行为的理解，并可能为高效量子光-物质接口的设计提供指导。