Title: Non-Kramers State Transitions in a Synthetic Toggle Switch Biosystem Show Chinese title

Title: 非克劳默斯态跃迁在合成切换开关生物系统中

Abstract: State transitions are fundamental in biological systems but challenging to observe directly. Here, we present the first single-cell observation of state transitions in a synthetic bacterial genetic circuit. Using a mother machine, we tracked over 1007 cells for 27 hours. First-passage analysis and dynamical reconstruction reveal that transitions occur outside the small-noise regime, challenging the applicability of classical Kramers' theory. The process lacks a single characteristic rate, questioning the paradigm of transitions between discrete cell states. We observe significant multiplicative noise that distorts the effective potential landscape yet increases transition times. These findings necessitate theoretical frameworks for biological state transitions beyond the small-noise assumption. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 状态转换在生物系统中是基本的，但直接观察具有挑战性。 在这里，我们首次对合成细菌基因回路中的状态转换进行了单细胞观察。 使用母机，我们跟踪了超过1007个细胞，持续27小时。 首次通过分析和动态重建显示，转换发生在小噪声范围之外，这挑战了经典克雷默斯理论的适用性。 这一过程没有单一的特征速率，这质疑了离散细胞状态之间转换的范式。 我们观察到显著的乘性噪声，它扭曲了有效势能景观，但增加了转换时间。 这些发现需要超越小噪声假设的生物状态转换的理论框架。