Title: A nonequilibrium distribution for stochastic thermodynamics Show Chinese title

Title: 非平衡分布用于随机热力学

Abstract: The canonical distribution of Gibbs is extended to the case of systems outside equilibrium. The distribution of probabilities of a discrete energy levels system is used to provide a microscopic definition of work, along with a microscopic definition of the uncompensated heat of Clausius involved in nonequilibrium processes. The later is related to the presence of non-conservatives forces with regards to the variation of the external parameters. This new framework is used to investigate the nonequilibrium relations in stochastic thermodynamics. A new relation is derived for the random quantity of heat associated to the nonequilibrium work protocol. We finally show that the distributions of probabilities of work, heat and uncompensated heat are non-independent each other during a nonequilibrium process. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 吉布斯规范分布被扩展到非平衡系统的情况。 离散能级系统的概率分布用于提供功的微观定义，以及克劳修斯提出的非平衡过程中未补偿热量的微观定义。 后者与外部参数变化时非保守力的存在有关。 这个新框架被用来研究随机热力学中的非平衡关系。 推导出与非平衡工作协议相关的热量随机量的新关系。 我们最后证明，在非平衡过程中，功、热量和未补偿热量的概率分布彼此不是独立的。