Title: Probing bulk dynamics of the QGP with correlations and fluctuations Show Chinese title

Title: 通过关联和涨落探测QGP的体动力学

Abstract: Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are considered ideal environments for exploring the QCD phase diagram and probing the properties of the QGP as functions of temperature and baryon chemical potential. At the highest energies, such as those reached at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and near vanishing baryon chemical potential, the transition from hadronic matter to the QGP is expected to occur as a smooth crossover. At larger baryon chemical potentials, this crossover may end at a critical point, beyond which the transition becomes first order. Locating this critical point remains a central goal of current and future beam energy scan programs at RHIC, the CERN SPS, and FAIR/GSI. Fluctuation and correlation measurements are widely used to probe the QCD phase structure, as they provide information on the system's dynamical evolution and the nature of the phase transition at different regions of the phase diagram. This report presents an overview of recent experimental results across a broad energy range and discusses their implications for our current understanding of the QCD phase diagram. Show Chinese abstract

Abstract: 超高相对论重离子碰撞被认为是探索QCD相图和研究QGP在温度和重子化学势函数下的性质的理想环境。在最高能量下，例如在大型强子对撞机（LHC）达到的能量，以及接近零重子化学势的情况下，从强子物质到QGP的转变预计会作为平滑的交叉发生。在较大的重子化学势下，这种交叉可能在临界点结束，超过该点后，转变将变为一级相变。确定这个临界点仍然是当前和未来在RHIC、CERN SPS和FAIR/GSI进行的束流能量扫描计划的核心目标。涨落和关联测量被广泛用于探测QCD相结构，因为它们提供了关于系统动态演化以及相图不同区域相变性质的信息。本报告概述了在广泛能量范围内的最新实验结果，并讨论了它们对当前QCD相图理解的影响。