High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
[Submitted on 6 Nov 2025
]
Title: Determination of quark-gluon-quark interference within the proton
Title: 质子内夸克-胶子-夸克干涉的确定
Abstract: Quarks and gluon, as quantum particles, are subjects to various effects that go beyond the naive parton picture and are not captured by ordinary parton densities. In this work, we investigate the twist-three parton distribution functions, which encode quantum interference between quark-gluon-quark states, and for the first time, determine them directly from experimental data. The analysis combines observables described by collinear and transverse-momentum-dependent factorization theorems within a unified global fit, incorporating a complete leading-order QCD evolution at the twist-three level. The extracted distributions reveal a clear flavor-dependent patterns and distinct from zero at a statistically significant level ($2-3\sigma$). These findings provide the first quantitative evidence for quark-gluon-quark correlations within the proton, revealing its genuinely quantum nature and opening a new direction for precision studies of partonic correlations.
Submission history
From: Alexey Vladimirov [view email][v1] Thu, 6 Nov 2025 11:38:17 UTC (2,502 KB)
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