Emerging Technologies

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Showing new listings for Monday, 29 September 2025

New submissions (showing 2 of 2 entries )

[1] arXiv:2509.21598 [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: Bacterial Gene Regulatory Neural Network as a Biocomputing Library of Mathematical Solvers Show Chinese title

Title: 细菌基因调控神经网络作为数学求解器的生物计算库

Adrian Ratwatte, Samitha Somathilaka, Thanh Cao, Xu Li, Sasitharan Balasubramaniam

Comments: 13 figures and 51 pages including the main text and Supplementary Information

Subjects: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET) ; Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)

Current biocomputing approaches predominantly rely on engineered circuits with fixed logic, offering limited stability and reliability under diverse environmental conditions. Here, we use the GRNN framework introduced in our previous work to transform bacterial gene expression dynamics into a biocomputing library of mathematical solvers. We introduce a sub-GRNN search algorithm that identifies functional subnetworks tailored to specific mathematical calculation and classification tasks by evaluating gene expression patterns across chemically encoded input conditions. Tasks include identifying Fibonacci numbers, prime numbers, multiplication, and Collatz step counts. The identified problem-specific sub-GRNNs are then assessed using gene-wise and collective perturbation, as well as Lyapunov-based stability analysis, to evaluate robustness and reliability. Our results demonstrate that native transcriptional machinery can be harnessed to perform diverse mathematical calculation and classification tasks, while maintaining computing stability and reliability. Show Chinese abstract

当前的生物计算方法主要依赖于具有固定逻辑的工程电路，在不同的环境条件下稳定性与可靠性有限。 在这里，我们使用我们在之前工作中引入的GRNN框架，将细菌基因表达动态转化为数学求解器的生物计算库。 我们引入了一种子-GRNN搜索算法，通过评估化学编码输入条件下的基因表达模式，来识别针对特定数学计算和分类任务的功能子网络。 任务包括识别斐波那契数、质数、乘法和考拉兹步骤计数。 然后，使用基因级和集体扰动以及基于李雅普诺夫的稳定性分析来评估所识别的问题特定子-GRNN的鲁棒性和可靠性。 我们的结果表明，天然转录机制可以被利用来执行多种数学计算和分类任务，同时保持计算的稳定性和可靠性。

[2] arXiv:2509.21622 [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: QMill: Representative Quantum Data Generation for Quantum Machine Learning Utility Show Chinese title

Title: QMill：量子机器学习效用的代表性量子数据生成

Jason Ludmir, Ian Martin, Nicholas S. DiBrita, Daniel Leeds, Tirthak Patel

Subjects: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)

Quantum machine learning (QML) promises significant speedups, particularly when operating on quantum datasets. However, its progress is hindered by the scarcity of suitable training data. Existing synthetic data generation methods fall short in capturing essential entanglement properties, limiting their utility for QML. To address this, we introduce QMill, a low-depth quantum data generation framework that produces entangled, high-quality samples emulating diverse classical and quantum distributions, enabling more effective development and evaluation of QML models in representative-data settings. Show Chinese abstract

量子机器学习（QML）有望实现显著的加速，尤其是在处理量子数据集时。 然而，其进展受到合适训练数据稀缺的阻碍。 现有的合成数据生成方法在捕捉关键的纠缠特性方面存在不足，限制了它们在QML中的实用性。 为了解决这个问题，我们引入了QMill，这是一种低深度的量子数据生成框架，能够生成具有纠缠性的高质量样本，模拟各种经典和量子分布，在代表性数据设置中实现了更有效的QML模型开发和评估。

Cross submissions (showing 3 of 3 entries )

[3] arXiv:2509.21372 (cross-list from cond-mat.soft) [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: Polymer-based probabilistic bits for thermodynamic computing Show Chinese title

Title: 基于聚合物的概率位用于热力学计算

Stephen H. Foulger, Yuriy Bandera, Igor Luzinov, Travis Wanless, Lubomir Kostal, Vojtech Nádazdy, Petr Janovský, Jarmila Vilčáková

Comments: 29 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. Extended study of polymer-based probabilistic bits, following up on earlier work reporting the first polymeric p-bit (Advanced Physics Research, 2025)

Subjects: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ; Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; Emerging Technologies (cs.ET) ; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ; Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)

Probabilistic bits (p-bits) are stochastic hardware elements whose output probability can be tuned by an input bias, offering a route to energy-efficient architectures that exploit, rather than suppress, fluctuations. Here we report p-bit generation in an organic memristive device, establishing polymers as the first class of soft-matter systems to realize probabilistic hardware. The active element is a dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP)-backbone polymer with pendant triphenylamine (TPA) groups, whose stochastic resistance fluctuations are converted into binary outputs by a simple voltage-divider/comparator circuit. The resulting probability distributions follow logistic transfer functions, characteristic of stochastic binary neurons. Separately, ensembles of pulsed IV measurements were analyzed to construct binned current distributions, from which the discrete Shannon entropy was calculated. Peaks in this entropy coincide with bias conditions that maximize variability in the memristor voltage drop, directly linking device-level stochasticity to intrinsic material properties. Dielectric analysis shows that pendant TPA units provide dynamically active relaxation modes, while energy-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the frontier orbitals of DTP, TPA and ITO align within the transport gap to produce a bifurcated percolation network. The correspondence between microscopic relaxation dynamics, electronic energetics and macroscopic probabilistic response highlights how organic semiconductors can serve as chemically tunable entropy sources, opening a polymer-based pathway toward thermodynamic computing. Show Chinese abstract

概率位（p-位）是随机硬件元素，其输出概率可通过输入偏置进行调节，为利用而非抑制波动的节能架构提供了一条途径。 在这里，我们报告了有机忆阻器器件中的p-位生成，确立了聚合物作为实现概率硬件的第一类软物质系统。 活性元件是一种带有侧链三苯胺（TPA）基团的二噻吩[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯（DTP）骨架聚合物，其随机电阻波动通过一个简单的电压分压器/比较器电路转换为二进制输出。 产生的概率分布遵循逻辑传输函数，这是随机二进制神经元的特征。 另外，对脉冲IV测量的集合进行了分析，以构建分组电流分布，从中计算出离散香农熵。 此熵的峰值与使忆阻器电压降变化最大的偏置条件一致，直接将器件级的随机性与材料的本征特性联系起来。 介电分析表明，侧链TPA单元提供了动态活跃的弛豫模式，而能量分辨电化学阻抗谱和密度泛函理论计算表明，DTP、TPA和ITO的前线轨道在传输间隙内对齐，以产生分叉的渗流网络。 微观弛豫动力学、电子能量学和宏观概率响应之间的对应关系突显了有机半导体如何作为化学可调的熵源，为基于聚合物的热力学计算开辟了一条路径。

[4] arXiv:2509.22568 (cross-list from cs.NI) [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: Bridging Technical Capability and User Accessibility: Off-grid Civilian Emergency Communication Show Chinese title

Title: 技术能力与用户可访问性的桥梁：离网民用紧急通信

Karim Khamaisi, Oliver Kamer, Bruno Rodrigues, Jan von der Assen, Burkhard Stiller

Subjects: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) ; Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) ; Computers and Society (cs.CY) ; Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)

During large-scale crises disrupting cellular and Internet infrastructure, civilians lack reliable methods for communication, aid coordination, and access to trustworthy information. This paper presents a unified emergency communication system integrating a low-power, long-range network with a crisis-oriented smartphone application, enabling decentralized and off-grid civilian communication. Unlike previous solutions separating physical layer resilience from user layer usability, our design merges these aspects into a cohesive crisis-tailored framework. The system is evaluated in two dimensions: communication performance and application functionality. Field experiments in urban Z\"urich demonstrate that the 868 MHz band, using the LongFast configuration, achieves a communication range of up to 1.2 km with 92% Packet Delivery Ratio, validating network robustness under real-world infrastructure degraded conditions. In parallel, a purpose-built mobile application featuring peer-to-peer messaging, identity verification, and community moderation was evaluated through a requirements-based analysis. Show Chinese abstract

在大规模危机破坏细胞和互联网基础设施期间，平民缺乏可靠的通信、援助协调和获取可信信息的方法。 本文介绍了一个统一的应急通信系统，该系统结合了低功耗、远距离网络与面向危机的智能手机应用程序，实现了去中心化和离网的平民通信。 与之前将物理层弹性与用户层易用性分开的解决方案不同，我们的设计将这些方面整合到一个连贯的危机定制框架中。 该系统从两个维度进行评估：通信性能和应用功能。 在苏黎世城市的实地实验表明，使用LongFast配置的868 MHz频段，在现实世界基础设施受损条件下实现了高达1.2公里的通信范围，包交付比为92%，验证了网络的鲁棒性。 同时，一个专为移动应用设计的应用程序，具有点对点消息传递、身份验证和社区管理功能，通过基于需求的分析进行了评估。

[5] arXiv:2509.22591 (cross-list from quant-ph) [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: Solving Currency Arbitrage Problems using D-Wave Advantage2 Quantum Annealer Show Chinese title

Title: 使用D-Wave Advantage2量子退火器解决货币套利问题

Lorenzo Mazzei, Giada Beccari, Mirko Laruina, Marco Cococcioni

Comments: 6 pages, 13 figures

Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ; Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)

Quantum annealing has emerged as a powerful tool for solving combinatorial optimization problems efficiently, making use of the principles of quantum mechanics. Companies are increasingly investing in the market of quantum computers, providing the users with the possibility to solve these optimization problems by resorting to quantum computers. This paper explores how Quantum Annealing can be applied to the Currency Arbitrage (CA) optimization problem and its comparative performance against classical methods. A key contribution of the work is an original formulation of the CA problem as a QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Boolean Optimization) problem. We test the speed of D-wave quantum annealer, using the recently released latest version (Advantage 2). Show Chinese abstract

量子退火已成为一种高效解决组合优化问题的强大工具，利用了量子力学的原理。 公司正在越来越多地投资于量子计算机市场，为用户提供通过使用量子计算机解决这些优化问题的可能性。 本文探讨了量子退火如何应用于货币套利（CA）优化问题及其与传统方法的比较性能。 这项工作的关键贡献是将CA问题首次表述为一个QUBO（二次无约束布尔优化）问题。 我们测试了D-wave量子退火器的速度，使用了最近发布的最新版本（Advantage 2）。

Replacement submissions (showing 3 of 3 entries )

[6] arXiv:2506.19487 (replaced) [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: TRMAC: A Time-Reversal-based MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks within Computing Packages Show Chinese title

Title: TRMAC：一种基于时间反转的无线网络MAC协议

Ama Bandara, Abhijit Das, Fatima Rodriguez-Galan, Eduard Alarcon, Sergi Abadal

Subjects: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)

As chiplet-based integration and many-core architectures become the norm in high-performance computing, on-chip wireless communication has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional interconnects. However, scalable Medium Access Control (MAC) remains a fundamental challenge, particularly under dense traffic and limited spectral resources. This paper presents TRMAC, a novel cross-layer MAC protocol that exploits the spatial focusing capability of Time Reversal (TR) to enable multiple parallel transmissions over a shared frequency channel. By leveraging the quasi-deterministic nature of on-chip wireless channels, TRMAC pre-characterizes channel impulse responses to coordinate access using energy-based thresholds, eliminating the need for orthogonal resource allocation or centralized arbitration. Through detailed physical-layer simulation and system-level evaluation on diverse traffic, TRMAC demonstrates comparable or superior performance to existing multi-channel MAC protocols, achieving low latency, high throughput, and strong scalability across hundreds of cores. TRMAC provides a low-complexity, high-efficiency solution for future Wireless Networks-on-Chip (WNoCs), particularly in chiplet-based systems where spatial reuse and modularity are critical. With simulations we prove that TRMAC can be utilized for parallel transmissions with a single frequency channel with a similar throughput and latency as in using multiple frequency bands omitting the need for complex transceivers. This work establishes a new design direction for MAC protocols that are tightly integrated with the underlying channel physics to meet the demands of next-generation computing platforms. Show Chinese abstract

随着基于芯片的小芯片集成和多核架构成为高性能计算的常态，片上无线通信已成为传统互连的有吸引力的替代方案。 然而，在密集流量和有限频谱资源下，可扩展的介质访问控制（MAC）仍然是一个基本挑战。 本文提出了TRMAC，一种新颖的跨层MAC协议，利用时间反转（TR）的空间聚焦能力，在共享频率信道上实现多路并行传输。 通过利用片上无线信道的准确定性特性，TRMAC预先表征信道冲击响应，使用基于能量的阈值来协调访问，消除了对正交资源分配或集中仲裁的需求。 通过在多种流量上的详细物理层仿真和系统级评估，TRMAC表现出与现有多信道MAC协议相当或更优的性能，在数百个核心上实现了低延迟、高吞吐量和强大的可扩展性。 TRMAC为未来的无线网络芯片（WNoCs）提供了一种低复杂度、高效率的解决方案，特别是在芯片小芯片系统中，空间复用和模块化是关键。 通过仿真我们证明，TRMAC可以用于单个频率信道的并行传输，其吞吐量和延迟与使用多个频率带的情况相似，无需复杂的收发器。 这项工作确立了MAC协议的新设计方向，这些协议与底层信道物理紧密集成，以满足下一代计算平台的需求。

[7] arXiv:2506.16614 (replaced) [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: Quantum Computer Fingerprinting using Error Syndromes Show Chinese title

Title: 使用错误校验的量子计算机指纹识别

Vincent Mutolo, Devon Campbell, Quinn Manning, Henri Witold Dubourg, Ruibin Lyu, Simha Sethumadhavan, Daniel Rubenstein, Salvatore Stolfo

Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ; Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)

As quantum computing matures and moves toward broader accessibility through cloud-based platforms, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of quantum computations becomes an urgent concern. In this work, we propose a strategy to leverage the byproducts of quantum error correction (QEC) to verify hardware identity and authenticate quantum computations for "free", without introducing any additional quantum computations or measurements. By treating syndrome measurements as a source of metadata, we embed verification seamlessly into standard QEC protocols and eliminate the need for separate challenge-response pairs. We validate our approach using multiple error-correcting codes, quantum states, and circuit compilation strategies on several generations of IBM quantum computers. Our classifiers achieve 99% accuracy with only 500 shots in distinguishing among five backends. Overall, we re-purpose the intrinsic overhead of error correction to be a mechanism for securing quantum computation. Show Chinese abstract

随着量子计算的发展并借助基于云的平台向更广泛的用户开放，确保量子计算的真实性和完整性成为一个紧迫的问题。 在本工作中，我们提出了一种策略，利用量子纠错（QEC）的副产物来验证硬件身份并为量子计算进行认证，而无需引入任何额外的量子计算或测量操作。 通过将综合征测量作为元数据的来源，我们将验证无缝嵌入到标准的QEC协议中，并消除了对单独的挑战-响应对的需求。 我们在多个代的IBM量子计算机上使用多种纠错码、量子态和电路编译策略验证了我们的方法。 我们的分类器仅使用500次测量即可在五个后端之间达到99%的准确率。 总体而言，我们将纠错的固有开销重新用于保障量子计算的安全性。

[8] arXiv:2509.17283 (replaced) [cn-pdf, pdf, html, other]

Title: Automated Facility Enumeration for Building Compliance Checking using Door Detection and Large Language Models Show Chinese title

Title: 基于门检测和大语言模型的建筑合规检查自动化设施枚举

Licheng Zhang, Bach Le, Naveed Akhtar, Tuan Ngo

Comments: Author name correction in the second version (same content as the first version)

Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ; Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) ; Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)

Building compliance checking (BCC) is a critical process for ensuring that constructed facilities meet regulatory standards. A core component of BCC is the accurate enumeration of facility types and their spatial distribution. Despite its importance, this problem has been largely overlooked in the literature, posing a significant challenge for BCC and leaving a critical gap in existing workflows. Performing this task manually is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to enhance automation by combining visual recognition with reasoning capabilities. In this paper, we introduce a new task for BCC: automated facility enumeration, which involves validating the quantity of each facility type against statutory requirements. To address it, we propose a novel method that integrates door detection with LLM-based reasoning. We are the first to apply LLMs to this task and further enhance their performance through a Chain-of-Thought (CoT) pipeline. Our approach generalizes well across diverse datasets and facility types. Experiments on both real-world and synthetic floor plan data demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method. Show Chinese abstract

建筑合规检查（BCC）是确保所建设施符合监管标准的关键过程。 BCC的核心组成部分是对设施类型及其空间分布的准确计数。 尽管其重要性，这一问题在文献中被广泛忽视，这对BCC构成了重大挑战，并在现有工作流程中留下了关键空白。 手动执行此任务耗时且劳动强度大。 大型语言模型（LLMs）的最新进展通过将视觉识别与推理能力相结合，为提高自动化水平提供了新机遇。 在本文中，我们引入了BCC的一个新任务：自动设施计数，该任务涉及将每种设施类型的数量与法定要求进行验证。 为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新方法，该方法结合了门检测与基于LLM的推理。 我们是首次将LLMs应用于此任务，并通过思维链（CoT）管道进一步提升了其性能。 我们的方法在多种数据集和设施类型上具有良好的泛化能力。 在真实世界和合成平面图数据上的实验表明了我们方法的有效性和鲁棒性。