标题： 可扩展的量子模拟：120量子比特标量场论中的散射现象 显示英文标题

标题： Scalable Quantum Simulations of Scattering in Scalar Field Theory on 120 Qubits

摘要： 对基本粒子在量子计算机上碰撞的模拟预计比经典方法具有指数级优势，并有望促进新物理的发现。 此外，标量场理论中的散射已被证明是BQP完备问题，使其成为量子计算效率高的代表性问题。 作为大规模量子碰撞过程模拟的一步，在一维标量场理论中使用IBM的Herold超导量子计算机ibm_fez上的120个量子比特来模拟波包散射。 利用经典资源确定了压缩真空态制备、波包初始化和时间演化的变分电路。 通过利用理论中态的物理特性（如对称性和局域性），变分量子算法构建了可扩展电路，可用于模拟任意大的系统尺寸。 提出了一种新的策略来减轻量子模拟中的误差，这使得可以从最多包含4924个两量子比特门且两量子比特门深度为103的电路中提取有意义的结果。 相互作用的影响非常明显，并与经典矩阵乘积态模拟的结果一致。 讨论了在量子计算机上模拟高能非弹性碰撞所需的发展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Simulations of collisions of fundamental particles on a quantum computer are expected to have an exponential advantage over classical methods and promise to enhance searches for new physics. Furthermore, scattering in scalar field theory has been shown to be BQP-complete, making it a representative problem for which quantum computation is efficient. As a step toward large-scale quantum simulations of collision processes, scattering of wavepackets in one-dimensional scalar field theory is simulated using 120 qubits of IBM's Heron superconducting quantum computer ibm_fez. Variational circuits compressing vacuum preparation, wavepacket initialization, and time evolution are determined using classical resources. By leveraging physical properties of states in the theory, such as symmetries and locality, the variational quantum algorithm constructs scalable circuits that can be used to simulate arbitrarily-large system sizes. A new strategy is introduced to mitigate errors in quantum simulations, which enables the extraction of meaningful results from circuits with up to 4924 two-qubit gates and two-qubit gate depths of 103. The effect of interactions is clearly seen, and is found to be in agreement with classical Matrix Product State simulations. The developments that will be necessary to simulate high-energy inelastic collisions on a quantum computer are discussed.