标题： 宇宙暴胀，暗能量和引力波 显示英文标题

标题： Cosmic Inflation, Dark Energy and Gravitational Waves

摘要： 我们简要讨论宇宙暴胀，这是宇宙大尺度结构生成的主流理论，也是安排热大爆炸初始条件的机制。 然后我们介绍终极暴胀，它也能解释观测到的暗能量。 我们讨论如何在Palatini形式下的修改引力中成功地对终极暴胀进行建模。 最后，我们关注暴胀产生的原初引力波，以及当早期宇宙经历刚性状态方程时期时，其谱如何被增强。 这导致具有特征谱的引力波，可能在不久的将来被观测到，为背景理论提供见解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We briefly discuss cosmic inflation, which is the dominant paradigm for the generation of the large scale structure in the Universe and also for arranging for the initial conditions of the hot Big Bang. We then present quintessential inflation, which also accounts of the observed dark energy. We discuss how quintessential inflation can be successfully modelled in modified gravity in the Palatini formalism. Finally, we focus on the generation of primordial gravitational waves by inflation and how their spectrum can be enhanced when the early Universe goes through periods of stiff equation of state. This results in gravitational waves with a characteristic spectrum, which may well be observed in the near future, providing insights for the background theory.