标题： 高密度核物质中重子的电弱形式因子 显示英文标题

标题： Electroweak form factors of baryons in dense nuclear matter

摘要： 有证据表明强子的性质在核介质中会发生改变。关于强子内部结构在介质中的修改的信息对于研究密集核物质和高能过程（包括重离子和原子核-原子核碰撞）至关重要。然而，目前关于强子介质修饰的经验信息有限；因此，理论研究对该领域的发展至关重要。 在本工作中，我们回顾了对称核物质中八重态重子的电磁和轴向形式因子的理论研究。这些计算基于一个模型，该模型考虑了低和中间转移动量平方$q^2=-Q^2$下实验研究中揭示的自由度：价夸克和重子核心的介子云激发。该形式主义结合了为自由空间（真空）开发的协变组成夸克模型与夸克-介子耦合模型，以扩展到核介质。 我们得出结论，核介质根据重子的味含量和介质密度的不同而不同地改变重子的性质。介质效应随密度增加而增加，并且对轻重子的影响比对重重子的影响更强（淬灭或增强）。特别是，介质中的中微子-核子和反中微子-核子截面相比自由空间中的值有所减小。所提出的公式可以扩展到高于正常核密度的密度，并应用于密集核物质中的中微子-超子和反中微子-超子散射。 显示英文摘要

摘要： There is evidence that the properties of hadrons are modified in a nuclear medium. Information about the medium modifications of the internal structure of hadrons is fundamental for the study of dense nuclear matter and high-energy processes, including heavy-ion and nucleus--nucleus collisions. At the moment, however, empirical information about medium modifications of hadrons is limited; therefore, theoretical studies are essential for progress in the field. In the present work, we review theoretical studies of the electromagnetic and axial form factors of octet baryons in symmetric nuclear matter. The calculations are based on a model that takes into account the degrees of freedom revealed in experimental studies of low and intermediate square transfer momentum $q^2=-Q^2$: valence quarks and meson cloud excitations of baryon cores. The formalism combines a covariant constituent quark model, developed for a free space (vacuum) with the quark--meson coupling model for extension to the nuclear medium. We conclude that the nuclear medium modifies the baryon properties differently according to the flavor content of the baryons and the medium density. The effects of the medium increase with density and are stronger (quenched or enhanced) for light baryons than for heavy baryons. In particular, the in-medium neutrino--nucleon and antineutrino--nucleon cross-sections are reduced compared to the values in free space. The proposed formalism can be extended to densities above the normal nuclear density and applied to neutrino--hyperon and antineutrino--hyperon scattering in dense nuclear matter.