标题： 自发跃迁能是自发的吗？ 显示英文标题

标题： Could Spontaneous Transitions be Spontaneous?

摘要： 它被视为重新表述量子理论，如其呈现的那样：一个连续和因果的时间演化理论，被不连续和随机的跃迁所中断。 为了发展（缺失的）跃迁理论，建议采用一种启发式现象学方法。 依赖于全局还原过程，引入了一个假设，即假定描述自发吸收或发射的状态叠加的自发坍缩。 坍缩概率决定了平均坍缩时间$\tau^c = b \hbar / \triangle E$，其中$b$是一个无量纲常数，$\triangle E$是不同分支之间能量分布的差异。 Ramsey 原子束光谱学给出了$b$的下限，而雪崩光电二极管给出了上限，因此$1.35\cdot 10^{11} < b < 3.8\cdot 10^{21}$。 存在大量的实验改进机会。 显示英文摘要

摘要： It is considered to re-formulate quantum theory as it appears: A theory of continuous and causal time evolution, interrupted by discontinuous and stochastic jumps. To develop the (missing) theory of jumps a heuristic-phenomenological approach is suggested. Relying on a global reduction process, a hypothesis is introduced postulating spontaneous collapse of superpositions of states which describe spontaneous absorption or emission. The collapse probability determines a mean collapse time $\tau^c = b \hbar / \triangle E$, where $b$ is a dimensionless constant and $\triangle E$ is the difference in energy distribution between alternative branches. Ramsey atomic beam spectroscopy yields a lower bound on $b$ and avalanche photodiodes give an upper bound, such that $1.35\cdot 10^{11} < b < 3.8\cdot 10^{21}$. Ample opportunities for experimental improvements exist.