标题： 非平衡库仑阻塞中的瞬子 显示英文标题

标题： Instantons in the out-of-equilibrium Coulomb blockade

摘要： 单电子器件在弱库仑阻塞区域的物理性质显著依赖于非微扰效应。 它们作为相应Ambegaokar-Eckern-Schoen作用量运动方程的瞬子解出现。 在平衡状态下，这些解已知为Korshunov瞬子。 在本文中，我们使用Keldysh技术研究非平衡Ambegaokar-Eckern-Schoen作用量。 我们找到了最一般的稳态非平衡状态的瞬子。 我们还发现，作用量鞍点值无论稳态非平衡状态如何都具有普遍值。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Physical properties of single-electron devices in the week Coulomb blockade regime are significantly dependent on non-perturbative effects. They arise as instanton solutions of equations of motion for the corresponding Ambegaokar-Eckern-Schoen action. In equilibrium those solutions are known as Korshunov instantons. In this paper we study non-equilibrium Ambegaokar-Eckern- Schoen action using Keldysh technique. We found instantons for the most general stationary out-of equilibrium state. We also found that action saddle-point value assumes a universal value irrespective of the stationary non-equilibrium state.