高能物理 - 理论

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[1] arXiv:2508.21224 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用全息纠缠熵探测黑洞内部以及AdS/BCFT对应关系的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Probing the Black Hole Interior with Holographic Entanglement Entropy and the Role of AdS/BCFT Correspondence

Fabiano F. Santos

评论： 22页，8图

期刊参考： 物理学进展（2025）

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

这项工作探讨了黑洞信息丢失悖论，这是理论物理中的一个基本挑战。 它利用全息纠缠熵（HEE）和霍纳德斯基引力中的AdS/BCFT对应关系提出了一些见解。 这项工作重新研究了HEE的时间依赖行为，以探测黑洞内部，并考察其对Page曲线的影响，Page曲线描述了霍金辐射的熵演化。 它还通过AdS/BCFT对应关系讨论了共形场理论（CFT）微观态与黑洞热力学之间的关系，表明只有部分微观态对应于具有平滑内部的黑洞，而其他微观态可能涉及火墙。 该研究将黑洞热熵扩展到时间依赖的纠缠熵，提供了一种关于量子力学、热力学和引力之间相互作用的观点。 显示英文摘要

This work explores the black hole information loss paradox, a fundamental challenge in theoretical physics. It proposes insights using Holographic Entanglement Entropy (HEE) and the AdS/BCFT correspondence within Horndeski gravity. The work revisits the time-dependent behavior of HEE to probe black hole interiors and examines its implications for the Page curve, which describes the entropy evolution of Hawking radiation. It also discusses the relationship between conformal field theory (CFT) microstates and black hole thermodynamics through the AdS/BCFT correspondence, suggesting that only a subset of microstates corresponds to black holes with smooth interiors, while others may involve firewalls. The study extends black hole thermal entropy to time-dependent entanglement entropy, offering a perspective on the interplay between quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and gravity.

[2] arXiv:2508.21266 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 高阶陈-西蒙斯在$2+1$维空间中的量子电动力学扩展 显示英文标题

标题： Higher-order Chern-Simons extensions to QED in $2+1$ dimensions

Ricardo Avila, Albert Yu. Petrov, Carlos M. Reyes, César Riquelme, Angel Sanchez

评论： 16页

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

在本工作中，我们研究了在$2+1$维度下与标准旋量物质耦合的麦克斯韦-陈-西蒙斯模型的高阶扩展中的辐射修正。 我们首先分析高阶规范场部分，在其中我们找到了与质量光子和鬼场相关的模式和极化矢量。 高阶规范模型被经典地量子化，正如预期的那样，产生的产生和湮灭算符的代数对应于希尔伯特空间中的不定度规。 随后，我们从费米子自能开始，计算修改后的QED中所有相关的单环图。 我们表明，对费米子两点函数的诱导修正产生了两个独立的费米子自由度，这些可以包含在一个重新定义的拉格朗日量中，该拉格朗日量描述了两个解耦的费米子场，一个对应于物理粒子，另一个对应于负范数的鬼态。 我们利用这种分解来计算光子极化算符和顶点修正，两者都被发现是有限的。 最后，我们通过计算不同时空点处规范场的对易子来分析模型的因果行为，并发现微观因果性得到了保持。 显示英文摘要

In this work, we investigate radiative corrections in the higher-order extension of the Maxwell-Chern-Simons model coupled to standard spinor matter in $2+1$ dimensions. We begin analyzing the higher-order gauge sector, where we find the modes and the polarizations vectors associated to a massive photon and ghost field. The higher-order gauge model is canonically quantized and as expected the resulting algebra of creation and annihilation operators corresponds to an indefinite metric in Hilbert space. Subsequently, we compute all relevant one-loop diagrams in the modified QED starting with the fermion self-energy. We show that the induced corrections to the fermion two-point function produce two independent fermionic degrees of freedom, which can be included in a redefined Lagrangian describing two decoupled fermions fields, one corresponding to a physical particle and the other to a negative-norm ghost state. We take advantage of this decomposition to compute the photon polarization operator and the vertex correction, both of which are found to be finite. Finally, we analyze the causal behavior of the model by computing the commutator of gauge fields at different spacetime points, and found that microcausality is preserved.

[3] arXiv:2508.21276 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子场论中的有限熵和 显示英文标题

标题： Finite entropy sums in quantum field theory

Mark Van Raamsdonk

评论： 29页，5图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

与传统局部量子场论中空间子系统相关的熵通常在空间区域具有边界时发散。 然而，在各种子系统的熵的某些线性组合中，这些发散可能相互抵消，从而得到提供关于底层状态的信息理论数据的有限量。 在本说明中，我们表明所有此类量都可以写成三种基本类型量的线性组合：i) 一个空间子系统的熵减去其补子系统的熵，ii) 非相邻子系统之间的互信息，以及iii) 不相交子系统三元组的三重信息。 对于空间切片的一个固定区域分解，我们描述了一组熵的和的基，这些和的熵对于这些区域的集合而言，所有与区域边界以及区域更高余维交叉相关的发散都会被抵消。 本工作中使用的关键数学技术（布尔立方体上的傅里叶变换和偏序集上函数的莫比乌斯变换）以及几个主要的证明思路是由AI（ChatGPT5）提出的。 我们根据我们的经验，对AI在物理学和数学中的使用提出了一些评论。 显示英文摘要

Entropies associated with spatial subsystems in conventional local quantum field theories are typically divergent when the spatial regions have boundaries. However, in certain linear combinations of the entropies for various subsystems, these divergences may cancel, giving finite quantities that provide information-theoretic data about the underlying state. In this note, we show that all such quantities can be written as linear combinations of three basic types of quantities: i) the entropy of a spatial subsystem minus the entropy of its complementary subsystem, ii) the mutual information between non-adjacent subsystems, and iii) the tripartite information for triples of disjoint sub-systems. For a fixed decomposition of a spatial slice into regions, we describe a basis of sums of entropies for collections of for these regions for which all divergences related to both region boundaries and higher-codimension intersections of regions cancel. Key mathematical technology used in this work (Fourier transforms on the Boolean cube and M\"obius transformations of functions on partially ordered sets) and several of the main proof ideas were suggested by AI (ChatGPT5). We offer a few comments on the use of AI in physics and mathematics, based on our experience.

[4] arXiv:2508.21345 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： $2$-从费曼图和展开式中分离 显示英文标题

标题： $2$-split from Feynman diagrams and Expansions

Bo Feng, Liang Zhang, Kang Zhou

评论： 29页，5图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

在本文中，我们研究了在某些运动学条件下，双伴随标量（BAS）、杨-米尔斯（YM）、非线性σ模型（NLSM）和广义相对论（GR）理论的树图振幅的$2$分裂行为。 我们的方法从基于费曼图方法的证明开始，证明了树图 BAS$\oplus$X 振幅在$\mathrm{X}={\mathrm{YM},\mathrm{NLSM},\mathrm{GR}}$下的$2$分裂性质。 该证明关键依赖于各种顶点的费曼规则中的特定模式。 在此基础上，我们利用 X 振幅展开为 BAS$\oplus$X 振幅来建立$2$分裂行为。 作为副产品，我们推导出所得纯 X 电流到 BAS 电流的通用展开式，这些展开式与相应的实壳振幅展开式非常相似。 显示英文摘要

In this paper, we investigate the $2$-split behavior of tree-level amplitudes of bi-adjoint scalar (BAS), Yang-Mills (YM), non-linear sigma model (NLSM), and general relativity (GR) theories under certain kinematic conditions. Our approach begins with a proof, based on the Feynman diagram method, of the $2$-split property for tree-level BAS$\oplus$X amplitudes with $\mathrm{X}={\mathrm{YM},\mathrm{NLSM},\mathrm{GR}}$. The proof relies crucially on a particular pattern in the Feynmam rules of various vertices. Building on this, we use the expansion of X amplitudes into BAS$\oplus$X amplitudes to establish the $2$-split behavior. As a byproduct, we derive universal expansions of the resulting pure X currents into BAS currents, which closely parallel the corresponding on-shell amplitude expansions.

[5] arXiv:2508.21590 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 狄拉克粒子，自旋和光子 显示英文标题

标题： Dirac particles, spin and photons

Alexander D. Popov

评论： 56页

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们用相空间$X=T^* R^{1,3}\times C^2_L\times C^2_R$中移动的点来描述自旋为相对论粒子，其中$T^* R^{1,3}=R^{1,3}\times R^{1,3}$是坐标和动量的空间，$C^2_L$和$C^2_R$是洛伦兹群类型$(\frac12 , 0)$和$(0, \frac12)$的表示空间。 从相对论力学中具有洛伦兹不变的哈密顿函数$H$在相空间$X$上过渡到量子力学中的哈密顿算子$\hat H$，我们引入了两个复共轭线丛$L_C^+$和$L_C^-$在$X$上。 量子粒子被引入为沿空间$C^2_L\times C^2_R$解析的丛$L_C^+$的截面$\Psi_+$，反粒子是沿内部自旋空间$C^2_L\times C^2_R$反解析的丛$L_C^-$的截面$\Psi_-^{}$。 The wave functions $\Psi_\pm$ are characterized by conserved charges $q_{\sf{v}}=\pm 1$ associated with the structure group U(1)$_{\sf{v}}$ of the bundles $L_C^\pm$. Wave functions $\Psi_\pm$ are governed by relativistic analogue of the Schrödinger equation. 我们展示如何从这些方程在自旋空间坐标$C^2_L\times C^2_R$中函数$\Psi_\pm^{}$的零阶、一阶和二阶展开中得到自旋$s=0$(Klein-Gordon)、自旋$s=\frac12$(Dirac) 和自旋$s=1$(Proca 场) 的场。 这些场的 Klein-Gordon、Dirac 和 Proca 方程来源于扩展相空间$T^* R^{1,3}\times C^2_L\times C^2_R$上的薛定谔方程。 利用这些结果，我们还引入描述第一量子化光子的方程。 我们证明，考虑场 $\Psi_\pm$ 的电荷 $q_{\sf{v}}=\pm 1$ 会改变内积和电流的定义，这消除了相对论量子力学中的负能和负概率。 显示英文摘要

We describe relativistic particles with spin as points moving in phase space $X=T^* R^{1,3}\times C^2_L\times C^2_R$, where $T^* R^{1,3}=R^{1,3}\times R^{1,3}$ is the space of coordinates and momenta, and $C^2_L$ and $C^2_R$ are the spaces of representation of the Lorentz group of type $(\frac12 , 0)$ and $(0, \frac12)$. Passing from relativistic mechanics with a Lorentz-invariant Hamiltonian function $H$ on the phase space $X$ to quantum mechanics with a Hamiltonian operator $\hat H$, we introduce two complex conjugate line bundles $L_C^+$ and $L_C^-$ over $X$. Quantum particles are introduced as sections $\Psi_+$ of the bundle $L_C^+$ holomorphic along the space $C^2_L\times C^2_R$, and antiparticles are sections $\Psi_-^{}$ of the bundle $L_C^-$ antiholomorphic along the internal spin space $C^2_L\times C^2_R$. The wave functions $\Psi_\pm$ are characterized by conserved charges $q_{\sf{v}}=\pm 1$ associated with the structure group U(1)$_{\sf{v}}$ of the bundles $L_C^\pm$. Wave functions $\Psi_\pm$ are governed by relativistic analogue of the Schr\"odinger equation. We show how fields with spin $s=0$ (Klein-Gordon), spin $s=\frac12$ (Dirac) and spin $s=1$ (Proca fields) arise from these equations in the zeroth, first, and second order expansions of the functions $\Psi_\pm^{}$ in the coordinates of the spin space $C^2_L\times C^2_R$. The Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Proca equations for these fields follow from the Schr\"odinger equation on the extended phase space $T^* R^{1,3}\times C^2_L\times C^2_R$. Using these results, we also introduce equations describing first quantized photons. We show that taking into account the charges $q_{\sf{v}}=\pm 1$ of the fields $\Psi_\pm$ changes the definitions of the inner products and currents, which eliminates negative energies and negative probabilities from relativistic quantum mechanics.

[6] arXiv:2508.21619 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： M2膜划分函数和等变拓扑弦中的HD超引力 显示英文标题

标题： M2-brane partition functions and HD supergravity from equivariant topological strings

Luca Cassia, Kiril Hristov

评论： 32页+参考文献；

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们利用了我们同伴论文arXiv:2502.20444的结果，该论文探讨了在环面Calabi--Yau流形$X$上的拓扑弦的等变推广，以建立与M2膜分划函数的精确全息对应关系。我们在微扰范围内严格测试了这个猜想，并在场论侧包含了所有有限的$N$修正。我们的方法涉及一些关键细节，例如引入有效的4d高阶导数超引力修正以引入细化。一个核心结果是推导出场论中扭曲的$S^3$分划函数的Airy函数表示，对于任意的扭曲参数。我们证明了这种Airy函数结构在所有M2膜模型中都是普遍的，并给出了一个关于$X$的等变体积的一般表达式，包括对应于复质量的介子变形。然后，对该表达式进行了显式计算，包括ABJM理论、其带味推广、圆环夸克模型等几个例子，展示了与现有场论局部化结果的一致性。我们将分析扩展到M2膜模型的超共形和扭曲指标及其纺锤体推广，将其完整的微扰完成留作未来的工作。最后，我们探索了将这些结果推广到其他膜系统的途径，并将这一想法明确应用于D3膜。 显示英文摘要

We utilize the results of our companion paper, arXiv:2502.20444, which explores the equivariant generalization of topological strings on toric Calabi--Yau manifolds $X$, to establish an exact holographic correspondence with M2-brane partition functions. We rigorously test this conjecture within the perturbative regime, incorporating all finite $N$ corrections on the field theory side. Our approach involves additional key details, such as incorporating effective 4d higher-derivative supergravity corrections to introduce refinement. A central result is the derivation of the Airy function representation for the squashed $S^3$ partition function of the field theory, for an arbitrary squashing parameter. We demonstrate that this Airy function structure is universal across all M2-brane models and provide a general expression in terms of the equivariant volume of $X$, incorporating the mesonic deformations corresponding to complexified masses. This expression is then evaluated explicitly for several examples, including ABJM theory, its flavored generalizations, circular quivers, and beyond, demonstrating agreement with the available field theory localization results. We extend the analysis to the superconformal and twisted indices of M2-brane models, and their spindle generalizations, leaving their full perturbative completion for future work. Finally, we explore avenues for generalizing these results to other brane systems, explicitly applying the idea to D3-branes.

[7] arXiv:2508.21633 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 三维共形场理论中的旋量和扭量形式主义讲座 显示英文标题

标题： Lectures on the Spinor and Twistor Formalism in 3D Conformal Field Theory

Dhruva K.S

评论： 54页+6页附录，55个练习

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 数学物理 (math-ph)

这些笔记基于我在2025年在IISER Bhopal举行的$\text{ST}^4$讲座的内容。 在这些笔记中，我们研究了旋量和扭量方法在三维共形场理论中的应用。 它们分为三部分，分别涉及旋量动量、扭量和超扭量。 在第一部分中，我们介绍了非定域旋量动量形式，并将其应用于多个上下文，包括双复制关系、与四维散射振幅的联系、Chern-Simons物质理论中的关联函数以及手性高自旋理论的全息对应。 笔记的第二部分介绍了扭量空间形式。 在讨论了扭量空间的几何之后，我们推导了守恒流、任意标度维度的标量以及一般非守恒算符的Penrose变换。 我们还明确展示了旋量和扭量方法之间的关系。 我们讨论了这些算符和守恒流的关联函数在扭量空间中显著简化，揭示了它们隐藏的简洁性。 我们还将我们的构造扩展到超共形场理论，并发展了一个显式的超扭量空间形式，并推导了超对称的Penrose变换。 我们发现超对称的关联函数是其非超对称对应物的简单且自然的推广。 这些笔记旨在自成体系，并包含超过$50$个练习来说明该形式。 显示英文摘要

These notes are based on my lectures given at $\text{ST}^4$ 2025 held at IISER Bhopal. We study the application of spinor and twistor methods to three dimensional conformal field theories in these notes. They are divided into three parts dealing with spinor helicity, twistors and super-twistors respectively. In the first part, we introduce the off-shell spinor helicity formalism and apply it in several contexts including double copy relations, connection to four dimensional scattering amplitudes, correlators in Chern-Simons matter theories and the holography of chiral higher spin theory. The second part of the notes introduces the twistor space formalism. After discussing the geometry of twistor space, we derive the Penrose transform for conserved currents, scalars with arbitrary scaling dimension as well as generic non-conserved operators. We also explicitly show how the spinor and twistor approaches are related. We discuss how correlators of these operators and conserved currents in particular drastically simplify in twistor space unveiling their hidden simplicity. We also extend our construction to super-conformal field theories and develop a manifest super-twistor space formalism and derive the supersymmetric Penrose transform. We find that the supersymmetric correlators are simple and natural generalizations of their non-supersymmetric counterparts. The notes are made to be self-contained and also include over $50$ exercises that illustrate the formalism.

[8] arXiv:2508.21697 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一种用于磁电边界的一对规范场模型 显示英文标题

标题： A Two-Gauge Field Model for Magnetoelectric Boundaries

F.A. Barone, H.L. Oliveira, J.P. Ferreira

评论： 21页，13图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 其他凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.other)

这项工作介绍了一个场论模型，旨在模拟具有磁电性质的材料层的存在。 该模型包括与限制在平面层中的陈-西蒙斯场耦合的标准麦克斯韦场。 边界的电磁行为通过陈-西蒙斯场和麦克斯韦场之间的相互作用来模拟，该相互作用由两个参数控制：陈-西蒙斯质量以及场之间的耦合常数。 这两个参数可以调整以反映不同材料的特定特性。 我们计算了该理论的精确传播子，并利用它来研究几种物理性质。 我们的分析集中在外部源与麦克斯韦场和陈-西蒙斯场耦合时出现的现象，考虑了各种情形。 在陈-西蒙斯部分，这些源模拟了材料层晶体结构中的缺陷。 本文的主要目标是提出该模型，并在其简单的单平面材料界面背景下探讨其行为。 我们还建议了该模型向更一般配置扩展的可能方式。 显示英文摘要

This work introduces a field-theoretical model designed to simulate the presence of material layers with magnetoelectric properties. The model comprises the standard Maxwell field coupled to a Chern-Simons field confined to a planar layer. The electromagnetic behavior of the boundary is emulated through the interaction between the Chern-Simons and Maxwell fields, governed by two parameters: the Chern-Simons mass and the coupling constant between the fields. Both parameters can be adjusted to reflect the specific properties of different materials. We compute the exact propagator of the theory and employ it to investigate several physical properties. Our analysis focuses on phenomena that arise from the presence of external sources coupled to both the Maxwell and Chern-Simons fields, considering various scenarios. In the Chern-Simons sector, the sources emulate defects in the crystal lattice of the material layer. The main objective of this paper is to present the proposed model and to explore its behavior in the simple context of a single planar material interface. We also suggest possible extensions of the model to more general configurations.

[9] arXiv:2508.21823 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 全息熵锥的新表征 显示英文标题

标题： A new characterization of the holographic entropy cone

Guglielmo Grimaldi, Matthew Headrick, Veronika E. Hubeny

评论： 22页，2个附录，2个图表。观看4分钟的视频摘要 这里: https://youtu.be/stYAA9BwJj8

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

利用全息 Ryu-Takayanagi 公式计算的纠缠熵已知满足无限组线性不等式，这些不等式定义了所谓的 RT 熵锥。 该锥体的一般结构，或等价地所有有效不等式的集合，尚不清楚。 同样不清楚的是，这些相同的不等式是否也由使用协变 Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi 公式计算的熵所满足，尽管已有大量证据表明它们是成立的。 我们利用马尔可夫态，在此前未探索的领域中开发了对该猜想的测试方法。 该测试简化为检查给定的不等式是否满足某种主要化性质，这很容易评估。 我们发现 RT 不等式通过了此测试，并且令人惊讶的是，\emph{只有}RT 不等式也是如此。 我们的结果不仅提供了强有力的新的证据，表明 HRT 和 RT 锥体一致，而且还提供了对该锥体完全新的表征。 显示英文摘要

Entanglement entropies computed using the holographic Ryu-Takayanagi formula are known to obey an infinite set of linear inequalities, which define the so-called RT entropy cone. The general structure of this cone, or equivalently the set of all valid inequalities, is unknown. It is also unknown whether those same inequalities are also obeyed by entropies computed using the covariant Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi formula, although significant evidence has accumulated that they are. Using Markov states, we develop a test of this conjecture in a heretofore unexplored regime. The test reduces to checking that a given inequality obeys a certain majorization property, which is easy to evaluate. We find that the RT inequalities pass this test and, surprisingly, \emph{only} RT inequalities do so. Our results not only provide strong new evidence that the HRT and RT cones coincide, but also offer a completely new characterization of that cone.

交叉提交 (展示 12 之 12 条目 )

[10] arXiv:2508.21115 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.str-el) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 费米子多体疤痕中的非常规超导关联 显示英文标题

标题： Unconventional superconducting correlations in fermionic many-body scars

Kiryl Pakrouski, K. V. Samokhin

主题： 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 超导性 (cond-mat.supr-con) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

在相互作用的量子系统中，弱遍历性破坏可能由于存在一个与希尔伯特空间其余部分动态解耦的子空间而发生。 在两轨道自旋有态晶格系统中，我们构建了这样的子空间，这些子空间还以最强的轨道间和自旋单态或自旋三重态、长程超导配对关联为特征。 我们考虑的所有非常规配对类型在空间上是局部的且是幺正的。 除了轨道之外，额外的自由度可能来源于两个层的存在或其他任何机制。 所需的哈密顿量相当非奇特，包括通常用于两轨道超导材料的化学势、哈伯德和自旋轨道相互作用。 每个子空间由一组群不变的量子多体疤痕构成，这些疤痕结合了2e和4e配对/聚类贡献。 其中一个基态具有BCS波函数的形式，并且可以通过添加平均场配对势总是成为基态。 本工作中的解析结果与晶格、维度和（大部分）系统尺寸无关。 我们通过在小系统中的精确数值对角化来验证它们。 显示英文摘要

Weak ergodicity breaking in interacting quantum systems may occur due to the existence of a subspace dynamically decoupled from the rest of the Hilbert space. In two-orbital spinful lattice systems, we construct such subspaces that are in addition distinguished by strongest inter-orbital and spin-singlet or spin-triplet, long-range superconducting pairing correlations. All unconventional pairing types we consider are local in space and unitary. Alternatively to orbitals, the additional degree of freedom could originate from the presence of two layers or through any other mechanism. Required Hamiltonians are rather non-exotic and include chemical potential, Hubbard, and spin-orbit interactions typically used for two-orbital superconducting materials. Each subspace is spanned by a family of group-invariant quantum many-body scars combining both 2e and 4e pairing/clustering contributions. One of the basis states has the form of a BCS wavefunction and can always be made the ground state by adding a mean-field pairing potential. Analytical results in this work are lattice-, dimension- and (mostly) system size-independent. We confirm them by exact numerical diagonalization in small systems.

[11] arXiv:2508.21212 (交叉列表自 hep-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 真空契伦科夫辐射对于非最小维度-5洛伦兹破坏 显示英文标题

标题： Vacuum Cherenkov radiation for nonminimal dimension-5 Lorentz violation

A. Yu. Petrov, M. Schreck, A. R. Vieira

评论： 15页，3图

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

真空切连科夫辐射在各向同性维数5算符$\hat{m}$和$\hat{a}^{\mu}$的洛伦兹破缺标准模型扩展中被研究，在费米子部分。 通过分析和数值方法分析了该过程的运动学和动力学，从而得到其衰变和辐射能量速率作为初始费米子动量的函数。 我们采用这样的观点，即真空切连科夫辐射实际上是一种物理现象，在存在洛伦兹破缺的情况下，当满足一些额外条件时，带电的、有质量的费米子应该会发生这种现象。 在地球上检测到的超高能宇宙射线中没有出现这种效应，使我们能够推断出质子、夸克和电子中各向同性维数5洛伦兹破缺的严格限制。 显示英文摘要

Vacuum Cherenkov radiation is investigated in the Lorentz-violating Standard-Model Extension for isotropic dim-5 operators $\hat{m}$ and $\hat{a}^{\mu}$ in the fermion sector. Both the kinematics and dynamics of this process are analyzed by analytical and numerical means, leading to its decay and radiated-energy rates as functions of the initial-fermion momentum. We adopt the point of view that vacuum Cherenkov radiation is actually a physical phenomenon expected to occur for a charged, massive fermion in the presence of Lorentz violation, when some additional requirements are satisfied. The absence of this effect in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected on Earth allows us to infer stringent bounds on isotropic dim-5 Lorentz violation in protons, quarks, and electrons.

[12] arXiv:2508.21381 (交叉列表自 gr-qc) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 下落物质对黑洞波形的影响 显示英文标题

标题： The impact of plunging matter on black-hole waveform

Ying-Lei Tian, Hao Yang, Chen Lan, Yan-Gang Miao

评论： 15页，4图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

在本工作中，我们引入了一个新框架，以研究黑洞视界外存在动态物质场时的回鸣引力波形。我们系统地分析了两种不同的动态物质场场景：沿测地线运动和以恒定速度的匀速运动。我们的结果揭示了回鸣引力波信号中的丰富现象，包括回声的抑制或增强、衰减振荡中的频率偏移以及幂律尾部的复杂调制。值得注意的是，我们证明亚光速移动势可以产生不规则的回声模式并改变主导频率，这为已知的回鸣分析之外提供了潜在的新观测特征。这项研究为探测黑洞周围的动态环境提供了新的视角，并为解释未来引力波探测中的可能偏差提供了理论基础。 显示英文摘要

In this work, we introduce a novel framework to investigate ringdown gravitational waveforms in the presence of dynamical matter fields outside the horizon of a black hole. We systematically analyze two distinct scenarios of dynamical matter fields: motion along geodesics and uniform motion with constant velocity. Our results reveal rich phenomenology in the ringdown gravitational wave signals, including the suppression or enhancement of echoes, frequency shifts in the decay oscillations, and intricate modulations of the power-law tails. Notably, we demonstrate that subluminal moving potentials can produce irregular echo patterns and shift the dominant frequencies, offering potential new observational signatures beyond the already-known ringdown analyses. This study provides a new perspective for probing dynamic environments around black holes and offers a theoretical foundation for interpreting possible deviations in future gravitational wave detections.

[13] arXiv:2508.21483 (交叉列表自 math-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 有限的$N$矩阵自由累积量的前驱 显示英文标题

标题： Finite $N$ precursors of the free cumulants

Sylvain Lacroix, Jean-Bernard Zuber

评论： 48页，1图

主题： 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 组合数学 (math.CO) ; 概率 (math.PR)

We introduce $\mathrm{U}(N)$ invariant polynomials on the space of $N\times N$ matrices that are precursors of free cumulants in various respects. First, they are polynomials of deterministic matrices, that are not yet evaluated over some probability law, contrary to what is usually meant by cumulants. Secondly, they converge towards the algebraic expression of free cumulants in terms of moments as $N\to \infty$, with $1/N^2$ corrections expressed in terms of monotone Hurwitz numbers. Their most crucial property is their additivity with respect to averaging over sums of $\mathrm{U}(N)$ conjugacy orbits, providing a finite $N$ version of the well-known additivity of free cumulants in free probability. Finally, they extend several properties of free cumulants at finite $N$, including a Wick rule for their average over a Gaussian weight and their appearance in various matrix integrals. 基于这些前驱的可加性性质，我们还定义并计算了一个余乘法，描述了一般不变多项式在添加$\mathrm{U}(N)$共轭轨道时的行为，以及它们在$\mathrm{U}(N)$-不变随机矩阵之和上的期望值。在我们的构造中，所谓的HCIZ积分起着核心作用，既用于前驱的定义，也用于其性质的推导。 显示英文摘要

We introduce $\mathrm{U}(N)$ invariant polynomials on the space of $N\times N$ matrices that are precursors of free cumulants in various respects. First, they are polynomials of deterministic matrices, that are not yet evaluated over some probability law, contrary to what is usually meant by cumulants. Secondly, they converge towards the algebraic expression of free cumulants in terms of moments as $N\to \infty$, with $1/N^2$ corrections expressed in terms of monotone Hurwitz numbers. Their most crucial property is their additivity with respect to averaging over sums of $\mathrm{U}(N)$ conjugacy orbits, providing a finite $N$ version of the well-known additivity of free cumulants in free probability. Finally, they extend several properties of free cumulants at finite $N$, including a Wick rule for their average over a Gaussian weight and their appearance in various matrix integrals. Building on the additivity property of these precursors, we also define and compute a coproduct describing the behaviour of general invariant polynomials with respect to the addition of $\mathrm{U}(N)$ conjugacy orbits, as well as their expectation values on sums of $\mathrm{U}(N)$-invariant random matrices. In our construction, a central role is played by the so-called HCIZ integral, both for the definition of the precursors and for the derivation of their properties.

[14] arXiv:2508.21577 (交叉列表自 nucl-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： NCQ缩放和金-金碰撞中强子-部分子转变的传输模型研究 显示英文标题

标题： Transport Model Investigation of NCQ Scaling and the Hadronic-Partonic Transition in Au+Au Collisions

Li-Ke Liu, Shusu Shi

评论： 8页，4图

主题： 核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们研究了在Au+Au碰撞中，使用强子和部分子传输模型（包括JAM、SMASH、AMPT-强子级联和AMPT-弦熔化）在$\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 3.0$和4.5 GeV下的椭圆流（$v_2$）。在3.0 GeV时，强子模型再现了$v_2$的中心度依赖性和粒子排序（$K^0_S > p > \pi^+$），但违反了组成夸克数（NCQ）标度，表明集体效应主要由强子相互作用驱动，并受到旁观者阴影的影响。前向快速度显示较弱的旁观者效应，导致重强子的$v_2$更正，而介子则基本不受影响。在4.5 GeV时，AMPT-弦熔化模式中的部分子相互作用显著增强了NCQ标度，关闭最终态强子再散射进一步明确了标度模式，突显了部分子自由度的作用逐渐增大。$p_T$积分的$v_2$的能量依赖性反映了从低能区的强子主导动力学到高能区部分子集体性的转变。这些结果表明，在3.0 GeV时NCQ标度的破坏源于强子相互作用，而在较高能量时标度的出现则表明了重离子碰撞中部分子的贡献。 显示英文摘要

We investigate elliptic flow ($v_2$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 3.0$ and 4.5 GeV using hadronic and partonic transport models, including JAM, SMASH, AMPT-Hadronic Cascade, and AMPT-String Melting. At 3.0 GeV, hadronic models reproduce the centrality dependence of $v_2$ and the particle ordering ($K^0_S > p > \pi^+$), while violating number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling, indicating that collectivity is primarily driven by hadronic interactions and influenced by spectator shadowing. Forward rapidity shows weaker spectator effects, yielding more positive $v_2$ for heavier hadrons, whereas pions remain largely unaffected. At 4.5 GeV, partonic interactions in the AMPT-String Melting mode significantly enhance NCQ scaling, and turning off final-state hadronic rescattering further clarifies the scaling pattern, highlighting the growing role of partonic degrees of freedom. The energy dependence of $p_T$-integrated $v_2$ reflects the transition from hadronic-dominated dynamics at lower energies to increasing partonic collectivity at higher energies. These results demonstrate that the breakdown of NCQ scaling at 3.0 GeV arises from hadronic interactions, whereas the emergence of scaling at higher energies signals partonic contributions in heavy-ion collisions.

[15] arXiv:2508.21603 (交叉列表自 math.RT) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 关于边界 Carrollian 共形代数 显示英文标题

标题： On the boundary Carrollian conformal algebra

Lucas Buzaglo, Xiao He, Tuan Anh Pham, Haijun Tan, Girish S Vishwa, Kaiming Zhao

评论： 43页和1张图。欢迎提出意见！

主题： 表示理论 (math.RT) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 环与代数 (math.RA)

我们开始对边界卡罗尔共形代数（BCCA）进行数学研究，这是一个在卡罗尔物理背景下最近发现的无限维李代数。 从物理和数学的角度来看，BCCA是一个引人入胜的对象，因为它是一个过滤但不是分次的李代数。 在本文中，我们首先通过分别限制已知的BMS$_3$和威特代数的模，构造了BCCA的一些模及其一个子代数$\mathcal{O}$。 在证明这些模是自由或“几乎自由”之后，我们通过对BCCA的结构理论进行研究，定义了一个新的基和代数上的递减滤链，使我们能够内在地构造BCCA模。 特别是，我们在BCCA及其子代数$\mathcal{O}$上构造了惠特aker模，并证明了它们不可约性的条件。 显示英文摘要

We initiate the mathematical study of the boundary Carrollian conformal algebra (BCCA), an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra recently discovered in the context of Carrollian physics. The BCCA is an intriguing object from both physical and mathematical perspectives, since it is a filtered but not graded Lie algebra. In this paper, we first construct some modules for the BCCA and one of its subalgebras, which we call $\mathcal{O}$, by restriction of well-known modules of the BMS$_3$ and Witt algebras respectively. After showing that such modules are free or ``almost free'', we go through some structure theory on the BCCA to define a new basis and a decreasing filtration on the algebra which lets us construct BCCA-modules intrinsically. In particular, we construct Whittaker modules over the BCCA and the subalgebra $\mathcal{O}$ and prove criteria for their irreducibility.

[16] arXiv:2508.21643 (交叉列表自 hep-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 小$x$行为在QCD中来自最大纠缠和共形不变性 显示英文标题

标题： Small $x$ behavior in QCD from maximal entanglement and conformal invariance

Sebastian Grieninger, Kun Hao, Dmitri E. Kharzeev, Vladimir Korepin

评论： 5 + 3 页

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex) ; 核理论 (nucl-th) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

最近的证据表明，在小Bjorken $x$时，QCD演化使质子进入最大纠缠状态。 如果假设演化核具有共形不变性——正如Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov（BFKL）方程的情况一样——我们可以用共形场论来描述它。 此外，相应共形场论的中心电荷 $c$ 成为控制纠缠熵和结构函数的 $x$ 依赖性的关键参数。 在这里，我们将精确的Bethe Ansatz方法应用于与Lipatov的高能有效作用量对偶的量子自旋链，以提取理论的中心电荷，并发现 $c=1$。 这意味着结构函数在小 $x$ 时的 $\sim x^{-1/3}$ 行为——这一预测可以在即将建成的电子-离子对撞机上进行检验。 显示英文摘要

Recent evidence suggests that, at small Bjorken $x$, QCD evolution drives the proton into a state of maximal entanglement. If the evolution kernel is assumed to be conformally invariant -- as is the case for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) equation -- we can describe it by a conformal field theory. Moreover, the central charge $c$ of the corresponding conformal field theory emerges as the key parameter governing the $x$-dependence of both the entanglement entropy and the structure function. Here we apply the exact Bethe Ansatz methods to the quantum spin chain dual to Lipatov's high energy effective action to extract the central charge of the theory, and find that $c=1$. This implies the $\sim x^{-1/3}$ small $x$ behavior for the structure function -- the prediction that can be tested at the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider.

[17] arXiv:2508.21685 (交叉列表自 hep-lat) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： QED修正的强子真空极化在缪子g-2中的远距离重构 显示英文标题

标题： Long-distance reconstruction of QED corrections to the hadronic vacuum polarization for the muon g-2

Christoph Lehner, Julian Parrino, Andreas Völklein

评论： 11页，7图

主题： 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

量子电动力学(QED)校正对强子真空极化的长程贡献在格点QCD+QED中尤其难以计算。目前，这是限制与费米实验室E989实验最近得出的μ子g-2结果精度相匹配的因素之一。在本工作中，我们提出了一种通过重建独占有限体积态贡献来获得该贡献高精度结果的方法。我们发现了单个图中π介子-光子贡献之间的关系，并使用单个格点间距为$a^{-1} \approx 1.73$GeV和$m_\pi \approx 275$MeV的格点QCD+QED数据演示了重建方法。 显示英文摘要

The long-distance contribution of QED corrections to the hadronic vacuum polarization is particularly challenging to compute in lattice QCD+QED. Currently, it is one of the limiting factors towards matching the precision of the recent result by the Fermilab E989 experiment for the muon g-2. In this work, we present a method for obtaining high-precision results for this contribution by reconstructing exclusive finite-volume state contributions. We find relations between the pion-photon contributions of individual diagrams and demonstrate the reconstruction method with lattice QCD+QED data at a single lattice spacing of $a^{-1} \approx 1.73$ GeV and $m_\pi \approx 275$ MeV.

[18] arXiv:2508.21719 (交叉列表自 hep-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 胶子通过具有真实部分子-介质相互作用的$q\bar{q}$天线发射 显示英文标题

标题： Gluon emission by a $q\bar{q}$ antenna with realistic parton-medium interactions

Carlota Andres, Liliana Apolinário, Néstor Armesto, André Cordeiro, Fabio Dominguez, Pablo Guerrero-Rodríguez, José Guilherme Milhano

评论： 4页，2图。在德国法兰克福举行的Quark Matter 2025会议上的并行报告论文集

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

夸克-反夸克对在有色介质中经历多次散射时相干胶子辐射的谱是理解介质中部分子级联的核心。 尽管其基础重要性，目前的结果受限于对简化散射率的依赖，例如仅在有限相空间区域内有效的简谐振子近似。 使用之前一篇文章中引入的形式化方法，我们将胶子发射谱表示为一组可以数值求解的微分方程，从而绕过传统的近似方法。 我们给出了实际相互作用模型中发射胶子的横向动量和能量分布，说明了在整个可访问相空间中颜色相干性的破坏，并因此实现了对喷注可观测量的更高精度描述。 显示英文摘要

The spectrum of coherent gluon radiation from a quark-anti-quark pair experiencing multiple scatterings within a coloured medium is central for understanding in-medium parton cascades. Despite its foundational importance, current results are limited by reliance on simplified scattering rates, such as the harmonic oscillator approximation, valid only in restricted phase-space regions. Using the formalism introduced in a previous article, we express the gluon emission spectrum as a set of differential equations that can be solved numerically, circumventing conventional approximations. We present the transverse momentum and energy distributions of emitted gluons for realistic interaction models, illustrating the breakdown of colour coherence across the entire accessible phase-space, and consequently enabling a higher-precision description of jet observables.

[19] arXiv:2508.21735 (交叉列表自 hep-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过重整化群一致处理消除NJL模型中的截断伪影 显示英文标题

标题： Removing cutoff artifacts in the NJL model by a Renormalization Group consistent treatment

Hosein Gholami, Marco Hofmann, Michael Buballa

评论： 4页，2图，对夸克物质2025会议论文集的贡献

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

我们总结了重整化群(RG)一致处理如何消除NJL模型描述颜色超导夸克物质时的已知赝象。 我们引入了两种RG一致方案，“最小”和“无质量”，并给出了对称无质量物质中二夸克能隙在$T=0$的解析解以及相变边界$T_c(\mu)$，代表该模型的高密度极限。 我们将配对能隙、相图和声速与使用传统正则化得到的结果进行了比较。 显示英文摘要

We summarize how a renormalization-group (RG)-consistent treatment removes well-known artifacts in NJL-model descriptions of color-superconducting quark matter. We introduce two RG-consistent schemes, "minimal" and "massless", and present analytic solutions for the diquark gap at $T=0$ and for the phase boundary $T_c(\mu)$ in symmetric massless matter, representing the high-density limit of the model. We compare the pairing gaps, phase diagram, and speed of sound with results obtained using conventional regularization.

[20] arXiv:2508.21817 (交叉列表自 gr-qc) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 引力波理论简介 显示英文标题

标题： An Introduction to Gravitational Wave Theory

Simone Speziale, Danièle A. Steer

评论： 71页，许多图表

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

引力波理论基础简介：从广义相对论到探测和双星系统波形。 为引力波马尼托暑期学校准备的讲义。 CNRS当代科学百科全书的草案章节，将由ISTE出版。 显示英文摘要

Introduction to the theoretical foundations of gravitational waves: from general relativity to detection and binary system waveforms. Lecture notes prepared for the MaNiTou summer school on gravitational waves. Draft chapter for the CNRS contemporary Encyclopaedia Sciences to be published by ISTE.

[21] arXiv:2508.21820 (交叉列表自 hep-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 来自手征规范理论的QCD轴子 显示英文标题

标题： QCD axion from chiral gauge theories

Ryosuke Sato, Shonosuke Takeshita

评论： 41页，6图

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们提出了基于超对称手征规范理论的轴子模型。 在这些模型中，PQ对称性通过手征规范理论的非微扰动力学自发破缺。 由于超对称性，模型的红外动力学是可计算的。 我们还提出一个与SU(5)大统一相容的QCD轴子模型。 我们发现，为了成功的大统一，PQ破缺尺度应高于$\sim 10^{13}~{\rm GeV}$。 此外，PQ破缺尺度应高于大统一尺度，以避免在普朗克尺度以下出现规范耦合的兰道极点。 显示英文摘要

We present models of axion based on supersymmetric chiral gauge theories. In these models, the PQ symmetry is spontaneously broken by the non-perturbative dynamics of chiral gauge theory. Thanks to supersymmetry, IR dynamics of the models are calculable. We also present an example of a QCD axion model that is compatible with SU(5) grand unification. We find that the PQ breaking scale should be higher than $\sim 10^{13}~{\rm GeV}$ for the successful GUT unification. In addition, the PQ breaking scale should be higher than the GUT scale to avoid a Landau pole of gauge coupling below the Planck scale.

替换提交 (展示 26 之 26 条目 )

[22] arXiv:2410.16145 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 全息字典用于 Lifshitz 和超缩放违反黑洞 显示英文标题

标题： Holographic dictionary for Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating black holes

Wan Cong, David Kubizňák, Robert B. Mann, Manus R. Visser

评论： 10页，与已发表版本（PRD Letter）一致

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们为具有Lifshitz和超尺度违反渐近的黑洞热力学开发了一个新颖的全息字典，该字典推广了Anti-de Sitter黑洞的字典。 利用我们的字典，我们表明全息欧拉方程与这些黑洞的广义Smarr公式对偶，并且我们发现扩展的体和边界第一定律之间有精确的匹配。 值得注意的是，出现在欧拉关系中的中心荷字典依赖于超尺度违反参数，但不依赖于Lifshitz动力学指数。 显示英文摘要

We develop a novel holographic dictionary for the thermodynamics of black holes with Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating asymptotics, generalizing the dictionary for Anti-de Sitter black holes. Using our dictionary we show that the holographic Euler equation is dual to a generalized Smarr formula for these black holes, and we find a precise match between the extended bulk and boundary first law. Notably, the dictionary for the central charge appearing in the Euler relation depends on the hyperscaling violating parameter, but not on the Lifshitz dynamical exponent.

[23] arXiv:2412.07828 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 等变局部化对于$D=4$规范超引力 显示英文标题

标题： Equivariant localization for $D=4$ gauged supergravity

Pietro Benetti Genolini, Jerome P. Gauntlett, Yusheng Jiao, Alice Lüscher, James Sparks

评论： 57+37页；v2：发表版本

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们考虑$D=4$，$\mathcal{N}=2$欧几里得规范超引力与任意数量向量多重态耦合的超对称解。 这些解允许一个R对称性Killing向量，$\xi$，作为Killing旋量的双线性构造而成。 Killing旋量双线性也可以用来构造在等变外导数$\mathrm{d}_\xi=\mathrm{d}-\xi\mathbin{\rule[.2ex]{.4em}{.03em}\rule[.2ex]{.03em}{.9ex}}\,$作用下等变闭合的多形式。 这使得可以使用局部化方法计算各种通量积分和在壳作用量，而无需求解任何超引力方程，只需假设超对称解存在。 通量积分允许获得重要的UV-IR关系，将体内的固定点数据与渐近AdS边界上的数据联系起来，从而可以用边界SCFT数据表达引力自由能。 我们通过一些例子来说明这个形式化方法，包括一些不太可能以显式形式构造的解类。 显示英文摘要

We consider supersymmetric solutions of $D=4$, $\mathcal{N}=2$ Euclidean gauged supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. Such solutions admit an R-symmetry Killing vector, $\xi$, constructed as a bilinear in the Killing spinor. The Killing spinor bilinears can also be used to construct polyforms that are equivariantly closed under the action of the equivariant exterior derivative $\mathrm{d}_\xi=\mathrm{d}-\xi\mathbin{\rule[.2ex]{.4em}{.03em}\rule[.2ex]{.03em}{.9ex}}\,$. This allows one to compute various flux integrals and the on-shell action using localization, without solving any supergravity equations, just assuming the supersymmetric solutions exist. The flux integrals allow one to obtain important UV-IR relations, relating fixed point data in the bulk to data on the asymptotic AdS boundary, allowing one to express the gravitational free energy in terms of boundary SCFT data. We illustrate the formalism with a number of examples, including classes of solutions which are unlikely to ever be constructed in closed form.

[24] arXiv:2412.16472 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 随机矩阵淬火中的高阶Krylov状态复杂度 显示英文标题

标题： Higher-Order Krylov State Complexity in Random Matrix Quenches

Hugo A. Camargo, Yichao Fu, Viktor Jahnke, Keun-Young Kim, Kuntal Pal

评论： 31页，9图；v2：表格更新为10个实现，图2改进，添加了参考文献，对Krylov链上广义复杂度的物理意义、图3中的$r_n$以及附录C中当$h$趋近于0时的$r$参数进行了讨论，与发表在JHEP上的版本一致

期刊参考： JHEP 07 (2025) 182

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

在量子多体系统中，时间演化的状态通常仍局限于称为$\textit{Krylov subspace}$的希尔伯特空间较小区域。 时间演化可以映射到一个粒子在链上运动的一维问题，其中平均位置$\langle n \rangle$定义了克里洛夫态复杂度或扩散复杂度。 与更高阶矩$\langle n^p \rangle$相关的广义扩散复杂度对于$p>1$提供了更深入的动力学洞察。 我们研究了在随机矩阵理论中量子淬火后广义扩散复杂度的时间演化。 淬火是通过从初始随机哈密顿量过渡到将它分成四个块并翻转非对角块符号的淬火后哈密顿量来实现的。 这种设置捕捉了混沌量子淬火的普遍特征。 当初始状态是淬火后哈密顿量的热场双态时，平衡前扩散复杂度的峰值表明了能级排斥，这是量子混沌的标志。 我们检查了这种峰值对于其他初始态（如基态或淬火前哈密顿量的热场双态）的鲁棒性。 为了量化这种行为，我们引入了一个基于峰值高度相对于晚期饱和值的度量。 在连续极限下，高阶复杂度显示出对峰值更高的敏感性，这由有限大小随机矩阵的数值模拟所支持。 显示英文摘要

In quantum many-body systems, time-evolved states typically remain confined to a smaller region of the Hilbert space known as the $\textit{Krylov subspace}$. The time evolution can be mapped onto a one-dimensional problem of a particle moving on a chain, where the average position $\langle n \rangle$ defines Krylov state complexity or spread complexity. Generalized spread complexities, associated with higher-order moments $\langle n^p \rangle$ for $p>1$, provide finer insights into the dynamics. We investigate the time evolution of generalized spread complexities following a quantum quench in random matrix theory. The quench is implemented by transitioning from an initial random Hamiltonian to a post-quench Hamiltonian obtained by dividing it into four blocks and flipping the sign of the off-diagonal blocks. This setup captures universal features of chaotic quantum quenches. When the initial state is the thermofield double state of the post-quench Hamiltonian, a peak in spread complexity preceding equilibration signals level repulsion, a hallmark of quantum chaos. We examine the robustness of this peak for other initial states, such as the ground state or the thermofield double state of the pre-quench Hamiltonian. To quantify this behavior, we introduce a measure based on the peak height relative to the late-time saturation value. In the continuous limit, higher-order complexities show increased sensitivity to the peak, supported by numerical simulations for finite-size random matrices.

[25] arXiv:2412.21114 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 所有具有扭量2-形式的环面凯勒曲面 显示英文标题

标题： All toric Kahler surfaces with twistor 2-forms

Sergei G. Ovchinnikov

评论： 26页；已被《数学物理通信》（2025年8月）接受

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 微分几何 (math.DG)

我们完成了对所有光滑4维Kähler几何的分类，这些几何在2环作用下具有不变的自旋（共形Killing-Yano）2-形式。 我们确定有六个几何上不同的族，并以便于计算的形式提供它们，并计算它们的曲率。 我们还发现，对于环面几何，自旋2-形式的平方范数是动量映射的二次函数，这使我们推测当对称性较少时这一结论仍然成立。 显示英文摘要

We complete the classification of all smooth 4-dimensional Kahler geometries admitting a twistor (conformal Killing-Yano) 2-form invariant under a 2-torus action. We establish that there are six geometrically distinct families, and we provide them in a simple form amenable to calculations and compute their curvature. We also find that for toric geometries the square norm of the twistor 2-form is quadratic in moment maps, and we are led to conjecture that this holds when less symmetry is present.

[26] arXiv:2501.11302 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 混合态在热CFT中的纠缠熵$_2$ 显示英文标题

标题： Entanglement Entropy of Mixed State in Thermal CFT$_2$

Xin Jiang, Haitang Yang, Zilin Zhao

评论： v3，19页，10图，发表版，Phys. Rev. D

期刊参考： 物理评论D 112，046025 (2025)

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

使用减法方法，我们在热态$\text{CFT}_2$中给出了双部分混合态的纠缠熵。 利用这些纠缠熵，我们详细检查了不同纠缠配置的全息对偶，毫无歧义。 在热场双态中，我们展示了在双侧纠缠配置中的穿越视界特征。 显示英文摘要

Using the subtraction approach, we give the bipartite mixed state entanglement entropy in thermal $\text{CFT}_2$. With these entanglement entropies, we examine in detail the holographic duals of different entangling configurations unambiguously. In the thermofield double state, we show a horizon-crossing feature in two-sided entanglement configuration.

[27] arXiv:2502.15627 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 超对称规范理论中的施瓦茨希尔德时空中的大矢量场扰动 显示英文标题

标题： Massive vector field perturbations in the Schwarzschild spacetime from supersymmetric gauge theory

Xian-Hui Ge, Masataka Matsumoto, Kilar Zhang

评论： 19页，3张表格，2幅图；v2：小幅度修改，发表版本

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 数学物理 (math-ph)

我们通过Seiberg-Witten/准正则模态(SW/QNM)对偶，将Schwarzschild时空中质量矢量(Proca)场的动力学与超对称规范理论统一起来。 通过将Proca扰动——特别是由合流Heun方程支配的单极子和奇宇称模式——映射到量子Seiberg-Witten曲线，我们建立了规范-引力对应关系。 利用瞬子计数，我们精确地解析计算了QNM和准束缚态频率，非微扰地解决了光谱特性。 我们的结果与数值基准一致，同时将SW框架扩展到了标量场之外。 显示英文摘要

We unify the dynamics of massive vector (Proca) fields in Schwarzschild spacetime with supersymmetric gauge theories through the Seiberg-Witten/quasinormal mode (SW/QNM) duality. By mapping Proca perturbations-specifically monopole and odd-parity modes governed by confluent Heun equations-to the quantum Seiberg-Witten curve, we establish a gauge-gravity correspondence. Leveraging instanton counting, we analytically compute QNM and quasi-bound state frequencies to high precision, resolving spectral properties non-perturbatively. Our results align with numerical benchmarks while extending the SW framework beyond scalar fields.

[28] arXiv:2502.20444 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 等变拓扑弦中的常值映射和通量的几何建模 显示英文标题

标题： Constant maps in equivariant topological strings and geometric modeling of fluxes

Luca Cassia, Kiril Hristov

评论： 59页+附录和参考文献；v2小修正和新增参考文献；v3改进了讨论并新增附录；

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 数学物理 (math-ph)

我们研究了在 торic 流形上的拓扑弦的等变推广，特别关注于在划分函数的亏格展开中定义常值映射的贡献。 这种方法对非紧致 Calabi-Yau 空间进行了正则化，使得展开中的每一阶都能得到有限的结果，如一系列明确的例子所示。 我们的研究强调了通量紧化几何建模，并澄清了有效超重力框架与等变拓扑弦形式之间的联系，这是基于 Martelli 和 Zaffaroni 的最新发展。 我们得出结论，拓扑弦理论与超引力/场论之间的联系涉及几何模数和通量之间的转换，这揭示了弦理论中系综平均的作用。 我们提出了一种与相应 M2-膜划分函数精确的非微扰全息匹配，在附带论文中，我们在规范群秩$N$的所有阶次下对其进行了微扰测试。 我们提议的一个特殊情形在通量为零的情况下，在等变拓扑弦框架内重新表述了 Ooguri--Strominger--Vafa 猜想。 显示英文摘要

We study the equivariant generalization of topological strings on toric manifolds, focusing in particular on defining the contributions of constant maps in the genus expansion of the partition function. This approach regularizes the integration over non-compact Calabi-Yau spaces, producing finite results at each order in the expansion, as illustrated by a broad set of explicit examples. Our investigation highlights the geometric modeling of flux compactifications and clarifies the link between the effective supergravity framework and the equivariant topological string formalism, building on recent developments by Martelli and Zaffaroni. We conclude that the connection between topological string theory and supergravity/field theory involves switching between geometric moduli and fluxes, shedding light on the role of ensemble averages in string theory. We propose an exact non-perturbative holographic match with the corresponding M2-brane partition functions, which we test perturbatively at all orders in the gauge group rank $N$ in a companion paper. A special case of our proposal for vanishing flux reformulates the Ooguri--Strominger--Vafa conjecture within the equivariant topological string framework.

[29] arXiv:2503.22840 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 具有$U(1)$对称性的阿扎尔系统的有效描述 显示英文标题

标题： Effective Description of Ajar Systems with a $U(1)$ Symmetry

Can Onur Akyuz, Riccardo Penco

评论： 5+2页；v2：与已发表版本一致

期刊参考： 物理评论D 112, L011901 (2025)

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 其他凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.other) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们引入了“ajar系统”的概念，作为闭合系统和开放系统之间的中间情况，其中与环境的电荷交换的时间尺度在参数上大于所有其他特征时间尺度。 这种有限温度系统的Schwinger-Keldysh有效作用量表现出一个对称性群$G_1 \times G_2$，该群被弱破缺为它的对角子群$G_{\text{diag}}$，我们使用spurion技术对其进行系统描述。 对于$G = U(1)$，我们在扩散相和自发破缺相中计算关联函数的领先阶修正。 与具有近似对称性的系统不同，后者中的色散关系的实部和虚部都会受到修正，而ajar系统仅修正虚部——保持无隙模的同时增加有限阻尼。 显示英文摘要

We introduce the concept of "ajar systems" as an intermediate case between closed and open systems, where the time scale for charge exchange with the environment is parametrically larger than all other characteristic time scales. The Schwinger-Keldysh effective action for such finite-temperature systems exhibits a symmetry group $G_1 \times G_2$ weakly broken to its diagonal subgroup $G_{\text{diag}}$, which we systematically describe using spurion techniques. For $G = U(1)$, we calculate leading-order corrections to correlation functions in both diffusive and spontaneously broken phases. Unlike systems with approximate symmetries where both real and imaginary parts of dispersion relations receive corrections, ajar systems modify only the imaginary part -- preserving gapless modes while adding finite damping.

[30] arXiv:2504.06481 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 极化IKKT矩阵模型的统计物理 显示英文标题

标题： Statistical Physics of the Polarised IKKT Matrix Model

Sean A. Hartnoll, Jun Liu

评论： 21页和8幅图。v2：增加了参考文献。v3：增加了有限N标度的附录。

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

极化IKKT矩阵模型是背景三形式通量强度为$\Omega$的$N$个D-瞬子的世界点理论，并有望成为全息理论的一个高度可处理的模型。 矩阵积分可以看作是一个逆温度为$\Omega^4$的统计物理配分函数。 在大$\Omega$时，该模型由对应于“极化”球形D1-膜的矩阵配置主导。 我们证明，在$\Omega^2 N$的一个临界值时，该模型经历了一阶相变，对应于隧穿进入一组分离良好的D-瞬子。 这些瞬子是高$\Omega$相中一个竞争鞍点的残余，该鞍点对应于球形$(p,q)$五膜。 我们使用数值和分析论证的结合来捕捉该模型的不同区域。 显示英文摘要

The polarised IKKT matrix model is the worldpoint theory of $N$ D-instantons in a background three-form flux of magnitude $\Omega$, and promises to be a highly tractable model of holography. The matrix integral can be viewed as a statistical physics partition function with inverse temperature $\Omega^4$. At large $\Omega$ the model is dominated by a matrix configuration corresponding to a 'polarised' spherical D1-brane. We show that at a critical value of $\Omega^2 N$ the model undergoes a first order phase transition, corresponding to tunneling into a collection of well-separated D-instantons. These instantons are the remnant of a competing saddle in the high $\Omega$ phase corresponding to spherical $(p,q)$ fivebranes. We use a combination of numerical and analytical arguments to capture the different regimes of the model.

[31] arXiv:2504.13985 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 守恒电荷和爱因斯坦-蜂鸟引力中类似BTZ黑洞的渐近对称性 显示英文标题

标题： Conserved charges and asymptotic symmetries of BTZ-like black holes in Einstein-bumblebee gravity

Hai-Feng Ding

评论： 21页，无图表

期刊参考： 欧洲物理杂志C（2025）85:831

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

使用解相空间方法，我们研究了爱因斯坦-虫洞引力中类似BTZ的黑洞的守恒电荷。我们的研究表明，黑洞质量、角动量和熵受到洛伦兹破坏参数的影响。通过研究AdS/CFT对应关系，我们推导出渐近电荷代数，该代数由两个带有非平凡中心电荷的Virasoro代数组成。通过应用Cardy公式，我们计算了对偶共形场理论的微观熵，该结果与Bekenstein-Hawking熵精确匹配。此外，通过在极端类似BTZ的黑洞的近视界几何中施加Detournay-Smoes-Wutte边界条件，我们得到一个Virasoro-Kac-Moody$\mathrm{U(1)}$代数，表示扭曲共形场理论的对称代数。 显示英文摘要

Using the solution phase space method, we investigate the conserved charges of BTZ-like black holes in Einstein-bumblebee gravity. Our study shows that the black hole mass, angular momentum and entropy are influenced by the Lorentz-violating parameter. Through the study of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we derive the asymptotic charge algebra, which consists of two copies of the Virasoro algebra with non-trivial central charges. By employing the Cardy formula, we calculate the microscopic entropy of dual conformal field theory, which precisely matches with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Furthermore, by imposing the Detournay-Smoes-Wutte boundary conditions in the near horizon geometry of the extremal BTZ-like black hole, we obtain a Virasoro-Kac-Moody $\mathrm{U(1)}$ algebra, representing the symmetry algebra of a warped conformal field theory.

[32] arXiv:2505.13646 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 关于暴胀宇宙学的现状 显示英文标题

标题： On the Present Status of Inflationary Cosmology

Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde

评论： 46页，20张图。增加了与最近SPT数据发布的比较，并添加了一个附录

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

我们简要回顾了暴胀理论的基本原理，并讨论了通过选择一个模型参数可以描述Planck/BICEP/Keck观测数据的最简单暴胀模型的现状。 特别是，我们讨论了Starobinsky模型、希格斯暴胀以及$\alpha$吸引子，包括最近发展的$\alpha$吸引子模型，具有$SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$不变势能。 我们还描述了提供与最新ACT数据良好拟合的暴胀模型，以及具有三个参数的多项式混沌暴胀模型，这些模型可以解释三个主要与CMB相关的暴胀参数$A_{s}$、$n_{s}$和$r$的任何值。 显示英文摘要

We give a brief review of the basic principles of inflationary theory and discuss the present status of the simplest inflationary models that can describe Planck/BICEP/Keck observational data by choice of a single model parameter. In particular, we discuss the Starobinsky model, Higgs inflation, and $\alpha$-attractors, including the recently developed $\alpha$-attractor models with $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ invariant potentials. We also describe inflationary models providing a good fit to the recent ACT data, as well as the polynomial chaotic inflation models with three parameters, which can account for any values of the three main CMB-related inflationary parameters $A_{s}$, $n_{s}$ and $r$.

[33] arXiv:2505.14888 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 偶然性和超引力 显示英文标题

标题： Fortuity and Supergravity

Marcel R. R. Hughes, Masaki Shigemori

评论： 65页，8张图。V2：鉴于对D1-D5系统中偶然性理解的进展，单态现在被归类为单调的，我们已相应地更新了全文的讨论。提出了促进过程的可能局限性，尽管这并不改变我们的结论。

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

全息CFT中的BPS态自然地分为描述体空间中黑洞的态和不描述黑洞的态，只有在一定能量阈值以上才存在黑洞态。 在AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ 对偶性的背景下，这可以从CFT和超引力子超对称指标在一定中心荷缩放共形维度下的一致得到体现。 然而，当区分黑洞态和非黑洞态时，还存在一些之前未被考虑的平滑无视界体配置，称为单态。 这些单态描述了在AdS$_3$边界上非平凡的体自由度。 通过对D1-D5系统中BPS态的详细分析，我们在$\mathrm{Sym}^N(T^4)$和$\mathrm{Sym}^N(K3)$中识别出单态，并在$N=2$的情况下，将它们显式地纳入低层次的广义超引力子指标中，从而在$T^4$的情况下与CFT指标实现增强的匹配。 单态是单调的，并且在假设单态与超引力子态一起张成单调希尔伯特空间的前提下，广义超引力子指标代表了完整的单调指标。 这使我们能够为这些理论定义偶然指标，并且对于$\mathrm{Sym}^2(K3)$我们构造了第一个显式的偶然状态。 显示英文摘要

BPS states in holographic CFTs naturally split into those describing black holes in the bulk and those that do not, with black hole states only existing above a certain energy threshold. In the context of the AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ duality this can be seen from the agreement of the CFT and supergraviton supersymmetric indices up to a certain central charge-scaling conformal dimension. However, there also exist additional smooth horizonless bulk configurations called singletons that have not been previously accounted for when distinguishing black hole states from non-black hole states. These singletons describe bulk degrees of freedom that are non-trivial on the AdS$_3$ boundary. From a detailed analysis of BPS states in the D1-D5 system we identify singleton states in $\mathrm{Sym}^N(T^4)$ and $\mathrm{Sym}^N(K3)$ and explicitly incorporate them into a generalised supergraviton index for low levels for the case of $N=2$, leading to an enhanced matching with the CFT index in the case of $T^4$. Singleton states are monotone and, under the assumption that together with supergraviton states they span the monotone Hilbert space, the generalised supergraviton index represents the full monotone index. This allows us to define fortuitous indices for these theories and for $\mathrm{Sym}^2(K3)$ we construct the first explicit fortuitous states.

[34] arXiv:2505.20260 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 关于A多项式的几何基第二部分：$\mathfrak{su}_3$和 Kuberberg括号 显示英文标题

标题： On geometric bases for A-polynomials II: $\mathfrak{su}_3$ and Kuberberg bracket

Dmitry Galakhov, Alexei Morozov

评论： 26页，8图，v2：小的更正，添加了参考文献

期刊参考： 欧洲物理杂志C 85, 915 (2025)

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 几何拓扑 (math.GT) ; 量子代数 (math.QA)

我们继续研究量子A多项式——关于结多项式与其着色（表示依赖性）的方程——作为通过在原始结上悬挂额外的“简单”成分而得到的不同链接之间的关系。 根据这种“装饰”的选择，结多项式要么乘以一个数，要么通过编织过程分解为“周围”表示的和。 发生的情况是，这些两种装饰，当足够复杂时，会变得相关——这提供了一个方程。 值得注意的是，这个方程可以独立于表示。 然而，链接的等价性不是一个拓扑性质——它来自于$R$-矩阵的性质，并且强烈依赖于规范群的选择和特定的链接。 故事中相对被深入研究的部分涉及$\mathfrak{su}_2$，其中$R$-矩阵可以选择一种特别方便的Kauffman形式，这使得方程的推导相当几何化。 为了使这些几何方法更简单一些，我们建议使用辫群的拱门形式/表示来普遍简化链接的装饰。 在这里，我们尝试将这种技术扩展到下一个情况$\mathfrak{su}_3$，在这里Kauffman规则被更复杂的Kuberberg规则所取代，仍然比需要用于更高秩的MOY图的一般分析更几何化。 即使在这种情况，我们也遇到了可能的“装饰”分类问题以及在表示计数中出现的两行Young图。 显示英文摘要

We continue the study of quantum A-polynomials -- equations for knot polynomials with respect to their coloring (representation-dependence) -- as the relations between different links, obtained by hanging additional ``simple'' components on the original knot. Depending on the choice of this ``decoration'', the knot polynomial is either multiplied by a number or decomposes into a sum over ``surrounding'' representations by a cabling procedure. What happens is that these two of decorations, when complicated enough, become dependent -- and this provides an equation. Remarkably it can be made independent of the representation. However, the equivalence of links is not a topological property -- it follows from the properties of $R$-matrices, and strongly depends on the choice the gauge group and particular links. The relatively well studied part of the story concerns $\mathfrak{su}_2$, where $R$-matrices can be chosen in an especially convenient Kauffman form, what makes the derivation of equations rather geometrical. To make these geometric methods somewhat simpler we suggest to use an arcade formalism/representation of the braid group to simplify decorating links universally. Here we attempt to extend this technique to the next case, $\mathfrak{su}_3$, where the Kauffman rule is substituted by a more involved Kuberberg rule, still remains more geometric than generic analysis of MOY-diagrams, needed for higher ranks. Already in this case we encounter a classification problem for possible ``decorations'' and emergence of two-lined Young diagrams in enumeration of representations.

[35] arXiv:2408.13947 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： Kerr-Sen时空中的自能纳入超旋转和超电荷问题 显示英文标题

标题： Self energy in Kerr-Sen space-time incorporated to overspinning and overcharging problems

Koray Düztaş

评论： 被接受发表在EPJP上

期刊参考： 欧洲物理杂志Plus（2025）140:779

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

先前尝试对Kerr-Sen黑洞进行超旋或超电荷的操作都存在不完整之处，因为它们忽略了反作用效应。 在本研究中，我们考虑了扰动的自能，这是由事件视界角速度和静电势的增加所引起的，如Will的一篇开创性工作所述。 我们的分析表明， 在包含扰动自能的全面二阶框架内，满足零能量条件的扰动无法对Kerr-Sen黑洞进行超旋或超电荷。 显示英文摘要

Previous attempts to overspin or overcharge Kerr-Sen black holes have been incomplete, as they neglect back-reaction effects. In this study, we incorporate the self-energy of perturbations, resulting from the induced increase in the angular velocity and the electrostatic potential of the event horizon, as described in a seminal work by Will. Our analysis demonstrates that Kerr-Sen black holes cannot be overspun or overcharged by perturbations that satisfy the null energy condition, within a comprehensive second-order framework that includes the self-energy of the perturbations.

[36] arXiv:2412.03466 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 离散时空中的狄拉克真空 显示英文标题

标题： The Dirac Vacuum in Discrete Spacetime

Chaitanya Gupta, Anthony J. Short

评论： 期刊接受的版本

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们考虑在离散时空中的费米子量子细胞自动机模型中引入狄拉克海，该模型在连续极限下近似狄拉克方程。 然而，如果我们尝试填满“负”能量状态，就会遇到一个问题。 在正能态和负能态之间会创建一个新的边界，在该边界处粒子对的产生似乎在能量上是有利的。 这是因为离散时间模型中能量的模块化特性。 然后我们建议通过修改模型来解决这个问题，以将状态从新边界处移开。 显示英文摘要

We consider introducing the Dirac sea in a quantum cellular automata model of fermions in discrete spacetime which approximates the Dirac equation in the continuum limit. However, if we attempt to fill up the `negative' energy states, we run into a problem. A new boundary is created between positive and negative energy states, at which pair creation seems energetically favourable. This happens because of the modular nature of energy in discrete time models. We then suggest a possible remedy by amending the model, in order to pull states away from the new boundary.

[37] arXiv:2412.03588 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 谱网络：连接高阶Teichmüller理论和BPS态 显示英文标题

标题： Spectral Networks: Bridging higher-rank Teichmüller theory and BPS states

Clarence Kineider, Georgios Kydonakis, Eugen Rogozinnikov, Valdo Tatitscheff, Alexander Thomas

评论： 514页，143图

主题： 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 微分几何 (math.DG) ; 几何拓扑 (math.GT)

本书从一个统一的观点出发，全面介绍了谱网络，并将其与超对称规范理论的物理联系起来。 它提供了进入这一迅速发展的领域前沿所需的基础背景，同时并行处理几何和物理方面的问题。 在概述了代数和几何的基本主题后，详细介绍了高阶Teichmüller理论，包括Hitchin表示的Fock-Goncharov理论、极大表示以及最近提出的$\Theta$-正性概念。 随后介绍了谱网络，强调了它们在通过定义的阿贝尔化和非阿贝尔化映射来研究特征簇中的应用。 同时，探讨了具有八个超电荷的四维规范动力学的关键方面，包括电-磁对偶性、Seiberg-Witten理论以及类$\mathcal S$理论。 然后考察了谱网络在确定和分析类$\mathcal S$理论中BPS谱中的作用。 最后一章概述了谱网络在一系列当代研究领域的最新应用。 本卷旨在为希望进入该领域的数学或物理领域的研究人员和高年级学生提供参考。 显示英文摘要

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to spectral networks from a unified viewpoint that bridges geometry with the physics of supersymmetric gauge theories. It provides the foundational background needed to approach the frontiers of this rapidly evolving field, treating geometric and physical aspects in parallel. After surveying fundamental topics in algebra and geometry, a detailed introduction to higher-rank Teichm\"uller theory is developed, including Fock-Goncharov theory for Hitchin representations, maximal representations and the more recent notion of $\Theta$-positivity. Spectral networks are subsequently introduced, emphasizing their utility in the study of character varieties via the abelianization and non-abelianization maps they define. In parallel, key aspects of four-dimensional gauge dynamics with eight supercharges are explored, including electric-magnetic duality, Seiberg-Witten theory, and class $\mathcal S$ theories. The role of spectral networks as a framework for determining and analyzing BPS spectra in class $\mathcal S$ theories is then examined. The final chapter outlines recent applications of spectral networks across a range of contemporary research areas. This volume is intended for researchers and advanced students in either mathematics or physics who wish to enter the field.

[38] arXiv:2412.20483 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 曲率、面积和莫尔球的高斯-博内公式 显示英文标题

标题： Curvature, area and Gauss-Bonnet formula of the Moyal sphere

Han-Liang Chen, Bing-Sheng Lin

评论： 修复一些错误

期刊参考： J. 物理学 66, 083510 (2025)

主题： 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 量子代数 (math.QA)

我们研究了Moyal球的一些几何性质。 使用普通空间中球的共形度量和矩阵基，我们计算了Moyal球的标量曲率、总曲率积分和面积。 我们发现当非对易参数趋近于0时，Moyal球的标量曲率和面积会恢复为普通球的值。 随着非对易参数的增加，Moyal球的面积将减少并最终趋近于0。 我们发现二维Moyal球的总曲率积分仍然满足通常的高斯-博内公式，并且不依赖于非对易参数。 我们还计算了具有常曲率的共形度量的近似表达式，并得到了相应的修正函数。 此外，我们研究了一种具有两个非对易参数的广义变形Moyal球，并得到了类似的结果。 显示英文摘要

We studied some geometric properties of the Moyal sphere. Using the conformal metric of the sphere in ordinary space and the matrix basis, we calculated the scalar curvature, total curvature integral and area of the Moyal sphere. We found that when the noncommutative parameter approaches to 0, the scalar curvature and area of the Moyal sphere return to those of the ordinary sphere. As the noncommutative parameter increases, the area of the Moyal sphere will decrease and eventually approach to 0. We found that the total curvature integral of the two-dimensional Moyal sphere still satisfies the usual Gauss-Bonnet formula and does not depend on the noncommutative parameter. We also calculated the approximate expression of the conformal metric with a constant curvature and obtained the corresponding correction function. In addition, we studied a type of generalized deformed Moyal sphere with two noncommutative parameters and obtained similar results.

[39] arXiv:2503.13683 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 带均匀磁场的Reissner-Nordström全局单极子时空中的最内稳定圆轨道 显示英文标题

标题： Innermost stable circular orbits around a Reissner-Nordström-global monopole spacetime in a homogeneous magnetic field

Hamza M. Haddad, M. Haluk Seçuk, Özgür Delice (Marmara U.)

评论： 发表版本

期刊参考： 核物理 B 1018，（2025）117097

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 太阳与恒星天体物理学 (astro-ph.SR) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们研究在存在外部弱的渐近均匀磁场的情况下，带电粒子在全局单极子被Reissner-Nordström（RN）黑洞吞噬的时空中的动力学。我们仔细分析并推导出在该黑洞周围存在这种磁场的条件，并表明在电荷和单极子项的小但非平凡的极限下，这是可能的。我们得到了运动的一般方程，并针对圆轨道的特殊情况进行了分析，重点研究了这种配置的最内稳定圆轨道（ISCO）。参数的丰富性和运动方程的复杂形式需要数值方法。因此，我们通过大量图表展示了结果，这些图表有助于理解ISCO随外部测试磁场和单极子项的变化情况，这取决于黑洞的参数，如其电荷，以及测试粒子的属性，如其比电荷、角动量和能量。我们还分析了这些场产生的有效势能，并得出了上述外部和内部参数的相应结果。 显示英文摘要

We investigate the dynamics of charged particles in the spacetime of a global monopole swallowed by a Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) black hole in the presence of an external, weak, asymptotically homogeneous magnetic field. We carefully analyze and deduce the conditions to have such a magnetic field around this black hole and show that this is indeed possible in the small but nontrivial charge and monopole term limit. We obtain the general equations of motion and analyze them for special cases of circular orbits, focusing on the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of this configuration. The richness of the parameters and complicated forms of the resulting equations of motion necessitate a numerical approach. Hence, we have presented our results with numerous graphs, which help to understand the evolution of ISCO as a function of the external test magnetic field and the monopole term, depending on the parameters of the black hole, such as its electric charge, as well as the properties of the test particle, such as its specific charge, angular momentum, and energy. We have also analyzed the effective potential that these fields generate and deduced results for the aforementioned values of the external and internal parameters of the spacetime.

[40] arXiv:2504.15400 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 最小磁生成：暴胀扰动和轴子样粒子的作用及其引力波特征 显示英文标题

标题： Minimal Magnetogenesis: The Role of Inflationary Perturbations and ALPs, and Its Gravitational Wave Signatures

Subhasis Maiti, Debaprasad Maity, Rohan Srikanth

评论： 此版本与已发布版本一致

期刊参考： 物理评论D 112，043535（2025）

主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

任何试图理解当前宇宙中磁场普遍性质的努力似乎都引导我们去探讨其原初起源。 然而，对于大尺度磁场而言，其强度和尺度可能并不一定源自单一的原初机制，即暴胀磁发生机制，这在文献中是一个流行的考虑。 在本文中，我们提出一个最小情景，其中大尺度磁场是从暴胀扰动中产生的，而无需任何非共形耦合。 由于它们起源于暴胀标量谱，这些原初磁场本质上是微弱的，其强度被标量扰动的小振幅所抑制。 然后我们考虑这种大尺度弱原初磁场与质量为$<10^{-28}$电子伏特的轻轴子之间的耦合，该轴子被假定在光子退耦之前处于未对齐状态。 在退耦之后，当宇宙进入黑暗时代时，轻轴子会相干振荡。 通过适当调节轴子-光子耦合参数$\alpha$，我们证明可以通过超光速共振确实产生足够强的大尺度磁场。 我们进一步表明，所产生的磁场会诱导出具有多个次级引力波峰值的独特谱，这一谱可以通过CMB-S4的B模式偏振进行探测。 这种强度足以违反PLANCK对张量-标量比$r \lesssim 0.036$的限制。 这种违反会导致对$\alpha \lesssim 80$的约束。 在这一耦合的极限值下，我们发现现今的磁场强度在Mpc尺度上可以高达$10^{-10}$高斯，这与观测结果一致。 显示英文摘要

Any attempt to understand the ubiquitous nature of the magnetic field in the present universe seems to lead us towards its primordial origin. For large-scale magnetic fields, however, their strength and length scale may not necessarily originate from a singular primordial mechanism, namely inflationary magnetogenesis, which has been a popular consideration in the literature. In this paper, we propose a minimal scenario wherein a large-scale magnetic field is generated from the inflationary perturbation without any non-conformal coupling. Due to their origin in the inflationary scalar spectrum, these primordial fields are inherently weak, with their strength suppressed by the small amplitude of scalar fluctuations. We then consider the coupling between this large-scale weak primordial magnetic field and a light axion of mass $<10^{-28}$ eV, which is assumed to be frozen in a misaligned state until the photon decoupling. After the decoupling, when the universe enters into a dark age, the light axion coherently oscillates. By appropriately tuning the axion-photon coupling parameter $\alpha$, we demonstrate that a large-scale magnetic field of sufficient strength can indeed be generated through tachyonic resonance. We further show that the produced magnetic field induces a unique spectrum with multiple peaks of secondary gravitational waves, which the upcoming CMB-S4 can probe through B-mode polarization. The strength can be sufficient enough to violate the PLANCK bound on tensor-to-scalar ratio $r \lesssim 0.036$. Such a violation leads to a constraint on $\alpha \lesssim 80$. With this limiting value of the coupling, we find that present-day magnetic field strength could be as high as $10^{-10}$ Gauss at Mpc scale, consistent with observation.

[41] arXiv:2504.15606 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 温暖多重自然暴胀 显示英文标题

标题： Warm multi natural inflation

Asuka Ito, Rudnei O. Ramos

评论： 已替换为发表版本。21页，6图，2表

期刊参考： JCAP 08 (2025) 076

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

在温暖暴胀的背景下研究了多自然暴胀。 我们研究了具有线性和三次温度依赖耗散系数的温暖多自然暴胀情景。 该模型受到通过五维耦合与非阿贝尔规范场耦合的类轴子暴胀模型的启发，并且耗散来源于热浴中的瞬子衰变。 两种耗散系数的情况都可以与当前观测相容。 在三次耗散系数的情况下，我们发现当弱耗散到强耗散区域发生转变时，在暴胀后期阶段曲率扰动突然开始增长。 我们还表明，小尺度上曲率扰动的快速增长会导致大量由标量引起的引力波，这些引力波可能被未来的引力波探测器如DECIGO和ET检测到。 另一方面，该模型还有其他参数区域，在从弱到强耗散的温暖暴胀区域内，并且轴子衰变常数小于普朗克尺度，可能导致小尺度上原初黑洞的过量产生，这受到核合成限制，因此排除了该参数区域的模型。 显示英文摘要

Multi-natural inflation is studied in the context of warm inflation. We study the warm multi-natural inflation scenario with both linear and cubic temperature-dependent dissipation coefficients. The model is motivated by axion-like inflation models with coupling to non-Abelian gauge fields through a dimension-five coupling and dissipation originating from sphaleron decay in a thermal bath. Both cases of dissipation coefficients can be compatible with current observations. In the case of the cubic dissipation coefficient, we find that the curvature perturbation starts to grow suddenly when a transition from a weak dissipation to a strong dissipation regime occurs at the later stage of the inflation. We also show that such rapid growth of the curvature perturbation on small scales gives rise to abundant scalar induced gravitational waves, which may be detectable with future gravitational wave detectors such as DECIGO and ET. On the other hand, there are also other parameter regions of the model, in the warm inflation regime of weak to strong dissipation and with sub-Planckian axion decay constant, that can lead to overproduction of primordial black holes on small scales, which are constrained by nucleosynthesis bounds, thus ruling out the model in this region of parameters.

[42] arXiv:2506.05807 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 交错费米子新相中的中心涡旋 显示英文标题

标题： Center vortices in the novel phase of staggered fermions

Jackson A. Mickley, Derek B. Leinweber, Daniel Nogradi

评论： 11页，16图。版本已接受发表

期刊参考： 物理评论D 112，034513 (2025)

主题： 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

中心环的几何结构在出现于交错费米子的新型格点人工效应相中，以阐明中心环自由度提供的任何见解。 对于不同数量的费米子味，单点平移对称性在$(\beta, m)$相空间的一个有限区域内被破坏。 使用六种简并的费米子味和一系列跨越相变边界的$\beta$值进行模拟。 证明了中心环能够捕捉在非物理相中表现出来的破坏的平移对称性。 这种现象在每个单独的平面元方向上依然存在，其中发现只有跨越破坏维度的平面元受到影响。 考虑了几种体中心环量，包括环密度和分支点密度，以突出其他对非物理相敏感的环几何方面。 观察到受影响的平面元被环穿过的倾向略有增加。 这也体现在跨越破坏维度的三维切片中分支点密度更高。 综合这些发现，以基本中心自由度为依据，对非物理相提供了新的表征。 显示英文摘要

The geometry of center vortices is studied in the novel lattice-artefact phase that appears with staggered fermions to elucidate any insight provided by the center-vortex degrees of freedom. For various numbers of fermion flavors, the single-site shift symmetry of the staggered-fermion action is broken in a finite region of the $(\beta, m)$ phase space. Simulations are performed with six degenerate fermion flavors and a range of $\beta$ values that span the phase boundary. Center vortices are demonstrated to capture the broken shift symmetry that manifests in the unphysical phase. This persists at the level of each individual plaquette orientation, where it is revealed that only the plaquettes that span the broken dimension are affected. Several bulk center-vortex quantities, including the vortex and branching point densities, are considered to highlight other aspects of vortex geometry sensitive to the unphysical phase. A slight preference for the plaquettes affected by the broken shift symmetry to be pierced by a vortex is observed. This translates also to a greater branching point density in three-dimensional slices that span the broken dimension. Combined, these findings provide a novel characterization of the unphysical phase in terms of the fundamental center degrees of freedom.

[43] arXiv:2507.02828 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 从魔术增强的 Clifford 电路中设计 显示英文标题

标题： Designs from magic-augmented Clifford circuits

Yuzhen Zhang, Sagar Vijay, Yingfei Gu, Yimu Bao

评论： 61页

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 信息论 (cs.IT) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们引入了魔术增强的克莱夫电路——一种在克莱夫电路之前和/或之后添加常数深度的非克莱夫（“魔术”）门电路的架构——作为一种高效利用资源来实现近似$k$设计的方法，减少了电路深度和魔术门的使用。 我们证明，当用常数深度的魔术门电路增强时，浅层克莱夫电路可以生成具有$\epsilon$相对误差的近似酉和状态$k$设计。 对于$N$个量子比特的这些构造，一维电路的总电路深度为$O(\log (N/\epsilon)) +2^{O(k\log k)}$，而在使用辅助比特的全连接电路中为$O(\log\log(N/\epsilon))+2^{O(k\log k)}$，这改进了小$k \geq 4$的先前结果。 此外，我们构建的相对误差状态$k$-设计仅涉及具有严格局部魔术的态。 当考虑具有有界加法误差的$k$-设计时，所需的魔术门数量在参数上减少了。 作为示例，我们证明了浅层 Clifford 电路后跟随$O(k^2)$个单量子比特魔术门，与系统大小无关，可以生成一个加法误差状态$k$-设计。 我们开发了一种经典统计力学描述来解释我们的随机电路架构，这提供了对生成加法误差状态$k$-设计所需深度和魔术门数量的定量理解。 我们还证明了各种架构无法生成具有有界相对误差的设计的不可能定理。 显示英文摘要

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate $k$-designs, with reduced circuit depth and usage of magic. We prove that shallow Clifford circuits, when augmented with constant-depth circuits of magic gates, can generate approximate unitary and state $k$-designs with $\epsilon$ relative error. The total circuit depth for these constructions on $N$ qubits is $O(\log (N/\epsilon)) +2^{O(k\log k)}$ in one dimension and $O(\log\log(N/\epsilon))+2^{O(k\log k)}$ in all-to-all circuits using ancillas, which improves upon previous results for small $k \geq 4$. Furthermore, our construction of relative-error state $k$-designs only involves states with strictly local magic. The required number of magic gates is parametrically reduced when considering $k$-designs with bounded additive error. As an example, we show that shallow Clifford circuits followed by $O(k^2)$ single-qubit magic gates, independent of system size, can generate an additive-error state $k$-design. We develop a classical statistical mechanics description of our random circuit architectures, which provides a quantitative understanding of the required depth and number of magic gates for additive-error state $k$-designs. We also prove no-go theorems for various architectures to generate designs with bounded relative error.

[44] arXiv:2507.21607 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： DESI DR2是否挑战$Λ$冷暗物质范式？ 显示英文标题

标题： Does DESI DR2 challenge $Λ$CDM paradigm ?

Himanshu Chaudhary, Salvatore Capozziello, Vipin Kumar Sharma, Ghulam Mustafa

评论： 13页，6图，已接受发表于《天体物理学杂志》

主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

尽管对DESI DR1系统性的辩论仍在继续，DESI DR2与DR1一致，并加强了其趋势。 在我们的分析中，LRG1点位于$z_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.510$，而LRG3+ELG1点位于$z_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.934$，它们与从普朗克和超新星Ia（Pantheon$^{+}$，Union3，DES-SN5YR）推导出的$\Lambda$CDM-锚定的$\Omega_m$存在矛盾：对于LRG1，矛盾分别为$2.42\sigma$，$1.91\sigma$，$2.19\sigma$和$2.99\sigma$；对于LRG3+ELG1，它们分别为$2.60\sigma$，$2.24\sigma$，$2.51\sigma$和$2.96\sigma$。 在红移区间上，DR2相对于DR1显示出更好的一致性，其中$\Omega_m$的矛盾从$2.20\sigma$下降到$1.84\sigma$。 然而，仅DR2不足以驳斥$\Lambda$CDM，明显的偏差主要由LRG1和LRG2驱动。 在使用所有示踪物的$\omega_0\omega_a$CDM拟合中，我们发现后验均值为$w_0>-1$，与动力学暗能量一致，并且名义上挑战$\Lambda$CDM。 移除LRG1和/或LRG2恢复$\Lambda$CDM一致性($\omega_0\to-1$);此外，$\omega_0^{\mathrm{(LRG2)}}>w_0^{\mathrm{(LRG1)}}$，表明LRG2更强烈地驱动趋势。通过自然对数贝叶斯因子进行模型选择$\ln\mathrm{BF}\equiv\ln(Z_{\Lambda\mathrm{CDM}}/Z_{\omega_0\omega_a\mathrm{CDM}})$，在移除LRG1、LRG2或两者时对$\Lambda$CDM给出弱证据，且对整个样本的结果不明确。 因此，数据不需要额外的$\omega_a$自由度，明显 的$\omega_0>-1$偏好应谨慎解释为$\omega_0$$\omega_a$ 退化性的反映，由于每个示踪剂的信息有限。 显示英文摘要

Although debate on DESI DR1 systematics remains, DESI DR2 is consistent with DR1 and strengthens its trends. In our analysis, the LRG1 point at $z_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.510$ and the LRG3+ELG1 point at $z_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.934$ are in tension with the $\Lambda$CDM-anchored $\Omega_m$ inferred from Planck and SNe Ia (Pantheon$^{+}$, Union3, DES-SN5YR): for LRG1 the tensions are $2.42\sigma$, $1.91\sigma$, $2.19\sigma$, and $2.99\sigma$; for LRG3+ELG1 they are $2.60\sigma$, $2.24\sigma$, $2.51\sigma$, and $2.96\sigma$. Across redshift bins DR2 shows improved agreement relative to DR1, with the $\Omega_m$ tension dropping from $2.20\sigma$ to $1.84\sigma$. Nevertheless, DR2 alone is not decisive against $\Lambda$CDM, and the apparent deviation is driven mainly by LRG1 and LRG2. In a $\omega_0\omega_a$CDM fit using all tracers we find a posterior mean with $w_0>-1$, consistent with dynamical dark energy and nominally challenging $\Lambda$CDM. Removing LRG1 and/or LRG2 restores $\Lambda$CDM concordance ($\omega_0\to-1$); moreover, $\omega_0^{\mathrm{(LRG2)}}>w_0^{\mathrm{(LRG1)}}$, indicating that LRG2 drives the trend more strongly. Model selection via the natural-log Bayes factor $\ln\mathrm{BF}\equiv\ln(Z_{\Lambda\mathrm{CDM}}/Z_{\omega_0\omega_a\mathrm{CDM}})$ yields weak evidence for $\Lambda$CDM when LRG1, LRG2, or both are removed, and is inconclusive for the full sample. Hence the data do not require the extra $\omega_a$ freedom, and the apparent $\omega_0>-1$ preference should be interpreted cautiously as a reflection of the $\omega_0$$\omega_a$ degeneracy with limited per-tracer information.

[45] arXiv:2508.02788 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 在共形场理论中的测量诱导纠缠 显示英文标题

标题： Measurement-Induced Entanglement in Conformal Field Theory

Kabir Khanna, Romain Vasseur

评论： 4.5 + 13页

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

局部测量可以彻底重塑多体纠缠的模式，尤其是在长程纠缠的量子临界态中。 然而，针对测量对多体态的影响的解析结果仍然很少，测量通常被近似为强制特定的测量结果。 我们研究了汤川-卢廷液态中的测量诱导纠缠（MIE），这是一个由紧凑自由玻色共形场理论（CFT）在低能下描述的1+1维量子临界态的广泛家族。 通过测量局部电荷算符，我们表明MIE是完全普遍的、符合共形不变性的，并且取决于CFT的算符内容。 使用复制技巧来处理测量结果的随机性，我们精确计算了汤川-卢廷液态中的MIE，与矩阵乘积态计算结果非常吻合。 我们表明，物理量子测量的MIE与强制测量结果引起的纠缠有根本的不同，并且在共形不变边界条件的Born平均下有自然的解释。 显示英文摘要

Local measurements can radically reshape patterns of many-body entanglement, especially in long-range entangled quantum-critical states. Yet, analytical results addressing the effects of measurements on many-body states remain scarce, and measurements are often approximated as forcing specific measurement outcomes. We study measurement-induced entanglement (MIE) in Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, a broad family of 1+1d quantum critical states described at low energies by compact free boson conformal field theories (CFT). Measuring the local charge operator, we show that the MIE is entirely universal, conformally invariant, and depends on the operator content of the CFT. Using a replica-trick to address the randomness of the measurement outcomes, we compute the MIE exactly for Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, in very good agreement with matrix-product state calculations. We show that the MIE for physical quantum measurements is fundamentally different from the entanglement induced by forcing measurement outcomes, and has a natural interpretation in terms of Born averaging over conformally-invariant boundary conditions.

[46] arXiv:2508.05967 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 二维 SU(2) 规范理论的格点研究，带有单一无质量马约拉纳费米子 显示英文标题

标题： A lattice study of two dimensional SU(2) gauge theories with a single massless Majorana fermion

Rajamani Narayanan, Ray Romero

评论： 22页，5图，已接受发表于PRD

主题： 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

无质量重叠费米子在二维$SU(N_c)$规范理论的实表示中，由于其谱的刚性，在作为背景规范场函数时表现出模($2$)指标。当考虑周期环面的格点规范场时，它们可分为两类；一类具有手征配对的零模，另一类则没有。 聚焦于$SU(2)$和一个整数表示中的单个马约拉纳费米子，$J$；我们提供了数值证据，表明这二类中只有一类在连续极限下存在，这取决于费米子和规范场的边界条件。 因此，在连续极限下，四个可能的划分函数中有两个为零。 通过定义不包含重叠费米子零模的修正划分函数，我们可以将费米子双线性量的期望值定义为两个混合划分函数的比值。 这个可观测量称为拓扑凝聚态，在任何有限的物理环面上都有非零的期望值，并且当环面尺寸趋于无穷大时也有非零的极限。 我们研究了费米子的谱密度以及最低本征值随环面尺寸的变化规律，以证明不存在任何自发对称性破缺，但在无限体积极限下出现了零模，而在有限体积下这是被禁止的。 这些结果对于$J = 1, 2, 3, 4$也是一样的。 这些结果促使我们提出一个独立的平面元模型，在无限体积极限下使用单一划分函数重现正确的物理现象。 显示英文摘要

Massless overlap fermions in the real representation of two dimensional $SU(N_c)$ gauge theories exhibit a mod($2$) index due to the rigidity of its spectrum when viewed as a function of the background gauge field - lattice gauge fields on a periodic torus come under two classes; ones that have one set of chirally paired zero modes and ones that do not. Focusing on $SU(2)$ and a single Majorana fermion in an integer representation, $J$; we present numerical evidence that shows only one of these classes survives the continuum limit and this depends on the boundary conditions of the fermion and the gauge field. As such, two of the four possible partition functions are zero in the continuum limit. By defining modified partition functions which do not include the zero modes of the overlap fermions in the fermion determinant, we are able to define an expectation value for a fermion bilinear as ratios of two mixed partition functions. This observable is referred to as the topological condensate and has a non-zero expectation value on any finite physical torus and also has a non-zero limit as the size of the torus is taken to infinity. We study the spectral density of fermions and the scaling of the lowest eigenvalue with the size of the torus to show the absence of any spontaneous symmetry breaking but the emergence of zero modes in the infinite volume limit where it is prohibited in finite volume. These results remain the same for $J = 1, 2, 3, 4$. These results motivate us to propose an independent plaquette model which reproduces the correct physics in the infinite volume limit using a single partition function.

[47] arXiv:2508.17654 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过蒙特卡罗模拟和最小二乘曲线拟合计算随机暴胀中的功率谱 显示英文标题

标题： Calculating the power spectrum in stochastic inflation by Monte Carlo simulation and least squares curve fitting

Koichi Miyamoto, Yuichiro Tada

评论： 26页，4图

主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

随机-$\delta \mathcal{N}$形式广泛用于研究量子扩散主导背景动力学的暴胀模型，导致了原初黑洞产生等有趣现象。 在该形式中计算曲率扰动谱 $\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$的数值方法中，基于蒙特卡洛模拟的方法被认为是一个有前景的选择，尤其是在多场情况下。 在此方法中，我们从初始点生成许多暴胀子路径到暴胀结束，从路径中获得 $\delta N$的统计信息，然后估计 $\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$。 然而，这种方法涉及嵌套的蒙特卡洛模拟，这需要在对应于感兴趣尺度 $k$的点上，从每个主路径生成许多分支路径，导致计算成本很高。 在本文中，我们提出了一种新的基于蒙特卡洛的方法，该方法利用最小二乘拟合，引入了两种新特性以减少计算成本。 首先，我们设计了一个关键统计量 $\langle \delta\mathcal{N}_{\mathbf{X}}^2\rangle$的简单估计器，即在分支点条件下 $\delta \mathcal{N}$的方差，以避免嵌套路径生成。 其次，通过将参数函数拟合到估计量的采样值，我们不仅获得了一个关于$\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$的单个$k$值的估计，还获得了在感兴趣的$k$范围内$\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$的近似函数。 我们还对具体的通胀模型进行了数值演示，这些演示展示了我们方法的实用性。 显示英文摘要

The stochastic-$\delta \mathcal{N}$ formalism is widely used to study inflation models in which the quantum diffusion of inflatons dominates the background dynamics, leading to interesting phenomena such as the production of primordial black holes. Among numerical approaches to calculate the curvature perturbation spectrum $\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$ in this formalism, the Monte Carlo simulation-based approach has been proposed as a promising choice, especially in multifield cases. In this approach, we generate many paths of inflatons from the initial points to the end of inflation, obtain statistics of $\delta N$ from the paths, and then estimate $\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$. However, this method involves a nested Monte Carlo simulation, which requires generating many branch paths from each trunk path at the point corresponding to the scale $k$ of interest, resulting in a high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a new Monte Carlo-based approach that utilizes least squares fitting, introducing two novel features for reducing computational cost. First, we devise a simple estimator of a key statistic $\langle \delta\mathcal{N}_{\mathbf{X}}^2\rangle$, the variance of $\delta \mathcal{N}$ conditioned on the branching point, to avoid nesting path generation. Second, via least squares fitting of a parametric function to the sampled values of the estimator, we obtain not just an estimate of $\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$ for a single value of $k$ but an approximating function of $\mathcal{P}_\zeta(k)$ over a range of $k$ of interest. We also conduct numerical demonstrations for concrete inflation models, which show the usefulness of our method.