标题： 轴对称黑洞的等熵过程 显示英文标题

标题： Isentropic processes for axisymmetric Black Holes

摘要： 我们证明，对于任何微分同胚不变的引力理论中的所有3+1维静态、非极端、轴对称黑洞，经典带电测试粒子的等熵吸收在经典上是被禁止的。 该结果纯粹基于黑洞时空的近视界几何结构和热力学性质，与具体的引力理论无关。 我们进一步考虑广义相对论中的Kerr-Newman黑洞，并在半经典WKB近似下分析等熵吸收可能被允许的条件。 讨论了对第二定律和极端性界限的更广泛影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We demonstrate that the isentropic absorption of a classical charged test particle is classically forbidden for all 3+1 dimensional stationary, non-extremal, axisymmetric black holes in any diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity. This result is derived purely from the near-horizon geometry and thermodynamic properties of the black hole spacetime, independent of the specific gravitational theory. We further consider the Kerr-Newman black hole in general relativity and analyze within the semiclassical WKB approximation, the conditions under which isentropic absorption may become allowed. Broader implications for the second law and extremality bounds are discussed.