标题： 下落物质对黑洞波形的影响 显示英文标题

标题： The impact of plunging matter on black-hole waveform

摘要： 在本工作中，我们引入了一个新框架，以研究黑洞视界外存在动态物质场时的回鸣引力波形。我们系统地分析了两种不同的动态物质场场景：沿测地线运动和以恒定速度的匀速运动。我们的结果揭示了回鸣引力波信号中的丰富现象，包括回声的抑制或增强、衰减振荡中的频率偏移以及幂律尾部的复杂调制。值得注意的是，我们证明亚光速移动势可以产生不规则的回声模式并改变主导频率，这为已知的回鸣分析之外提供了潜在的新观测特征。这项研究为探测黑洞周围的动态环境提供了新的视角，并为解释未来引力波探测中的可能偏差提供了理论基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this work, we introduce a novel framework to investigate ringdown gravitational waveforms in the presence of dynamical matter fields outside the horizon of a black hole. We systematically analyze two distinct scenarios of dynamical matter fields: motion along geodesics and uniform motion with constant velocity. Our results reveal rich phenomenology in the ringdown gravitational wave signals, including the suppression or enhancement of echoes, frequency shifts in the decay oscillations, and intricate modulations of the power-law tails. Notably, we demonstrate that subluminal moving potentials can produce irregular echo patterns and shift the dominant frequencies, offering potential new observational signatures beyond the already-known ringdown analyses. This study provides a new perspective for probing dynamic environments around black holes and offers a theoretical foundation for interpreting possible deviations in future gravitational wave detections.