标题： 在超新星遗迹激波处的费米加速 显示英文标题

标题： Fermi acceleration at supernova remnant shocks

摘要： 我们研究了非相对论激波中的粒子加速物理，采用两种不同且互补的方法，即宇宙射线修饰激波的半解析模型和大型混合（动能质子/流体电子）模拟。 前一种技术使我们能够从超新星遗迹的多波长观测中提取一些信息，特别是在伽马射线波段，而后一种方法则提供了关于粒子注入和通过等离子体不稳定性增强磁场的详细见解。 特别是，我们介绍了非相对论激波的大规模混合模拟结果，讨论了从热成分到非热成分的过渡特性，其光谱结果表明符合一阶费米加速预测的幂律。 除了相当有效的磁场增强外，我们发现超过20%的总体能量被转化为非热粒子，显著改变了激波的动力学，并导致前置区的形成。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the physics of particle acceleration at non-relativistic shocks exploiting two different and complementary approaches, namely a semi-analytic modeling of cosmic-ray modified shocks and large hybrid (kinetic protons/fluid electrons) simulations. The former technique allows us to extract some information from the multi-wavelength observations of supernova remnants, especially in the gamma-ray band, while the latter returns fundamental insights into the details of particle injection and magnetic field amplification via plasma instabilities. In particular, we present the results of large hybrid simulations of non-relativistic shocks, discussing the properties of the transition from the thermal to the non-thermal component, the spectrum of which turns out to be the power-law predicted by first-order Fermi acceleration. Along with a rather effective magnetic field amplification, we find that more than 20% of the bulk energy is converted in non-thermal particles, altering significantly the dynamics of the shock and leading to the formation of a precursor.