标题： 光线算符、探测器与引力事件形状 显示英文标题

标题： Light-ray operators, detectors and gravitational event shapes

摘要： 光束算符自然地通过沿光锥时间在无穷远处积分爱因斯坦方程而产生。 我们将光束算符与天球上的物理探测器关联，并使用最速下降技术在微扰理论中为其硬模提供显式表达式。 然后，我们在具有整数自旋的四维质量零粒子的一般量子场论中研究它们的代数，并将其与复化Cordova-Shao代数进行比较。 对于引力的情况，Bondi新闻平方项提供了ANEC算符在无穷远处的扩展，即包含剪切的ANEC，作为量子算符，它给出了天空中某一特定方向上所有辐射量子的能量。 最后，我们直接连接了包含剪切的ANEC的作用与探测器事件形状，并研究了由大质量致密物体散射产生的红外安全引力波事件形状，计算了经典极限下软展开中主阶的无穷远处能量流。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Light-ray operators naturally arise from integrating Einstein equations at null infinity along the light-cone time. We associate light-ray operators to physical detectors on the celestial sphere and we provide explicit expressions in perturbation theory for their hard modes using the steepest descent technique. We then study their algebra in generic 4-dimensional QFTs of massless particles with integer spin, comparing with complexified Cordova-Shao algebra. For the case of gravity, the Bondi news squared term provides an extension of the ANEC operator at infinity to a shear-inclusive ANEC, which as a quantum operator gives the energy of all quanta of radiation in a particular direction on the sky. We finally provide a direct connection of the action of the shear-inclusive ANEC with detector event shapes and we study infrared-safe gravitational wave event shapes produced in the scattering of massive compact objects, computing the energy flux at infinity in the classical limit at leading order in the soft expansion.