标题： SDSS BOSS DR12 CMASS和LOWZ星系大尺度四点相关函数中奇宇称模的测量 显示英文标题

标题： Measurement of Parity-Odd Modes in the Large-Scale 4-Point Correlation Function of SDSS BOSS DR12 CMASS and LOWZ Galaxies

摘要： 四面体是无法在三维空间中旋转为其镜像的最简单形状。 四点关联函数（4PCF）量化了星系四元组相对于随机分布的过量聚集，是探测宇称破坏的最低阶统计量。 每个星系定义了四面体的一个顶点。 4PCF的宇称奇模式探测了四面体与其镜像之间的不平衡。 我们从目前最大的光谱样本中测量这些模式，即280,067个明亮红 galaxies（LRGs）的重子振荡光谱巡天（BOSS）DR12 LOWZ（$\bar{z} = 0.32$）和803,112个LRGS的BOSS DR12 CMASS（$\bar{z} = 0.57$）。 在LOWZ中，我们发现$3.1\sigma$的非零宇称奇4PCF证据，在CMASS中我们检测到在$7.1\sigma$处的宇称奇4PCF。 仅引力演化不能产生这种效应；如果大尺度结构中的宇称破坏起源于宇宙学，则必须来自暴胀时期。 我们研究了许多系统误差的来源，未发现任何能产生足以解释我们结果的虚假宇称奇\textit{信号}的来源。 对\textit{噪声}的低估也可能导致虚假检测。 我们报告的显著性假设用于计算协方差的模拟目录足够捕捉真实数据的协方差。 我们进行了多次测试以探索这个问题。 奇宇称4PCF为利用三维大尺度结构在暴胀时期探测新力开辟了新的途径；鉴于即将出现的大规模光谱样本如DESI和Euclid，这种探索是及时的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A tetrahedron is the simplest shape that cannot be rotated into its mirror image in 3D. The 4-Point Correlation Function (4PCF), which quantifies excess clustering of quartets of galaxies over random, is the lowest-order statistic sensitive to parity violation. Each galaxy defines one vertex of the tetrahedron. Parity-odd modes of the 4PCF probe an imbalance between tetrahedra and their mirror images. We measure these modes from the largest currently available spectroscopic samples, the 280,067 Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) DR12 LOWZ ($\bar{z} = 0.32$) and the 803,112 LRGS of BOSS DR12 CMASS ($\bar{z} = 0.57$). In LOWZ we find $3.1\sigma$ evidence for a non-zero parity-odd 4PCF, and in CMASS we detect a parity-odd 4PCF at $7.1\sigma$. Gravitational evolution alone does not produce this effect; parity-breaking in LSS, if cosmological in origin, must stem from the epoch of inflation. We have explored many sources of systematic error and found none that can produce a spurious parity-odd \textit{signal} sufficient to explain our result. Underestimation of the \textit{noise} could also lead to a spurious detection. Our reported significances presume that the mock catalogs used to calculate the covariance sufficiently capture the covariance of the true data. We have performed numerous tests to explore this issue. The odd-parity 4PCF opens a new avenue for probing new forces during the epoch of inflation with 3D LSS; such exploration is timely given large upcoming spectroscopic samples such as DESI and Euclid.