标题： 剑桥关于标准模型的讲义 显示英文标题

标题： Cambridge Lectures on The Standard Model

摘要： 这些讲义涵盖了剑桥数学三一学院Part III的《标准模型》课程，该课程在2020年至2023年期间讲授。课程包括25次讲座和4次例题课。 课程以简短的历史介绍开始，然后从基本原理构建标准模型（SM）。我们首先通过时空对称性、软定理、规范冗余、Ward恒等式和微扰幺正性，展示出本质上只有自旋/螺旋度为$0, \frac{1}{2}, 1, \frac{3}{2}, 2$的粒子可以描述物质和相互作用。剩余的自由度在于选择杨-米尔斯规范群和物质表示。 有效场论（EFT）贯穿整个课程的主题，其中四费米子相互作用和手征微扰理论作为关键例子。引力和标准模型本身都被视为EFT，具体来说是SMEFT（标准模型有效场论）。 课程涵盖了标准模型的关键现象学方面，包括希格斯机制、Yukawa耦合、CKM矩阵、GIM机制、中微子振荡、跑动耦合和渐近自由。详细讨论了标准模型中的反常及其非平凡抵消。 提供了一些简单计算的例子，例如散射振幅和衰变率。课程最后简要概述了标准模型的局限性，并介绍了超出标准模型物理的主要建议。 显示英文摘要

摘要： These lecture notes cover the Standard Model (SM) course for Part III of the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos, taught during the years 2020-2023. The course comprised 25 lectures and 4 example classes. Following a brief historical introduction, the SM is constructed from first principles. We begin by demonstrating that essentially only particles with spin/helicity $0, \frac{1}{2}, 1, \frac{3}{2}, 2$ can describe matter and interactions, using spacetime symmetries, soft theorems, gauge redundancies, Ward identities, and perturbative unitarity. The remaining freedom lies in the choice of the Yang-Mills gauge group and matter representations. Effective field theories (EFTs) are a central theme throughout the course, with the 4-Fermi interactions and chiral perturbation theory serving as key examples. Both gravity and the SM itself are treated as EFTs, specifically as the SMEFT (Standard Model Effective Field Theory). Key phenomenological aspects of the SM are covered, including the Higgs mechanism, Yukawa couplings, the CKM matrix, the GIM mechanism, neutrino oscillations, running couplings, and asymptotic freedom. The discussion of anomalies and their non-trivial cancellations in the SM is detailed. Simple examples of calculations, such as scattering amplitudes and decay rates, are provided. The course concludes with a brief overview of the limitations of the SM and an introduction to the leading proposals for physics beyond the Standard Model.