标题： 自然中的流体喷射 显示英文标题

标题： Fluid ejections in nature

摘要： 从微观真菌到巨大的鲸鱼，流体喷射在生物学中是一种普遍而复杂的现象，起到重要的功能，如动物排泄、毒液喷射、捕食猎物、孢子传播和植物吐露。 本综述深入探讨了不同尺度下喷射的复杂流体力学，研究了肌肉驱动的主动系统和由重力或渗透压驱动的被动机制。 我们引入了一个使用无量纲数的框架，以区分滴落和喷射的过渡，并阐明主导力。 突出研究较少的复杂流体喷射领域，这项工作不仅解释了涉及的生物物理学，还揭示了在软体机器人、增材制造和药物输送中的潜在工程应用。 通过连接生物力学、生命系统的物理学和流体力学，本综述为流体喷射的多样化世界提供了有价值的见解，并为跨生命领域的未来仿生研究铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： From microscopic fungi to colossal whales, fluidic ejections are a universal and intricate phenomenon in biology, serving vital functions such as animal excretion, venom spraying, prey hunting, spore dispersal, and plant guttation. This review delves into the complex fluid physics of ejections across various scales, exploring both muscle-powered active systems and passive mechanisms driven by gravity or osmosis. We introduce a framework using dimensionless numbers to delineate transitions from dripping to jetting and elucidate the governing forces. Highlighting the understudied area of complex fluid ejections, this work not only rationalizes the biophysics involved but also uncovers potential engineering applications in soft robotics, additive manufacturing, and drug delivery. By bridging biomechanics, the physics of living systems, and fluid dynamics, this review offers valuable insights into the diverse world of fluid ejections and paves the way for future bioinspired research across the spectrum of life.