标题： 正电子源的建模：基于实验的基准测试 显示英文标题

标题： Modeling of the positron sources: an experiment-based benchmarking

摘要： 高能正电子源对于下一代电子-正电子对撞机至关重要，其中正电子束的质量和特性直接影响亮度。 对正电子源进行准确建模和经过验证的仿真工具对于优化其性能至关重要。 然而，建模正电子源往往很复杂，因为它涉及多个相互依赖的阶段，从正电子的产生和捕获动力学到通过注入器直线加速器到对撞机环的束流传输。 一个可靠的仿真框架应整合这些过程，以确保高效的正电子产生和传输。 在本工作中，我们提出了一种用于正电子源建模的端到端仿真工具。 该模型与现有的仿真工具进行了对比，并通过在SuperKEKB正电子源上进行的实验测量进行了验证。 关键的操作参数被系统扫描以评估仿真模型的性能，包括初级电子在靶上的撞击位置、捕获直线加速器周围的螺线管磁场强度以及射频相位设置。 所有验证测试的主要指标是SuperKEKB正电子捕获部分末端的正电子产率。 仿真结果与实验数据和其他仿真工具表现出非常好的一致性，证实了模型的可靠性，并为未来的正电子源研究建立了一个框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： High-intensity positron sources are critical for next-generation electron-positron colliders, where positron beam quality and characteristics directly impact the luminosity. Accurate modeling and validated simulation tools for positron sources are essential to optimize their performance. However, modeling a positron source tends to be complex, as it involves multiple interdependent stages, from positron production and capture dynamics to beam transport through the injector linac to the collider ring. A reliable simulation framework should integrate these processes to ensure efficient positron production and transport. In this work, we present a start-to-end simulation tool developed for positron sources modeling. The model was benchmarked against existing simulation tools and validated through experimental measurements conducted at the SuperKEKB positron source. Key operational parameters were systematically scanned to evaluate the simulation model performance, including the primary electron impact position on the target, solenoid field strength around the capture linac, and RF phase settings. The primary Figure-of-Merit for all validation tests was the positron yield at the end of the SuperKEKB positron capture section. The simulation results demonstrate a very good agreement with experimental data and other simulation tools, confirming the model's reliability and establishing a framework for future positron source studies.