标题： 相关0.01Hz-40Hz地震和牛顿噪声及其对未来引力波探测器的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Correlated 0.01Hz-40Hz seismic and Newtonian noise and its impact on future gravitational-wave detectors

摘要： 我们报告了在地下地震测量中，水平距离为几百米到几十公里的范围内，在0.01Hz到40Hz频率范围内的相关性。 这些地震相关性可能会威胁计划中的干涉引力波探测器（如爱因斯坦望远镜）以及原子干涉仪（如MIGA和ELGAR）的科学目标。 我们使用了来自四个不同地点的地震测量数据，即： 前Homestake矿（美国）以及爱因斯坦望远镜的两个候选地点，Sos Enattos（意大利）和Euregio Maas-Rhein（荷兰-比利时-德国），以及安装MIGA探测器的地点LSBB（法国）。 在所有地点，我们观察到在大多数感兴趣频率区域中，至少50%的时间内存在显著的相干性。 基于地震场中观察到的相关性，我们预测了体波引起的关联牛顿噪声水平。 我们将体波引起的关联牛顿噪声对爱因斯坦望远镜三角设计观测各向同性引力波背景（GWB）能力的影响进行了预测，并发现即使在最安静的地点，其灵敏度也会在$\sim$20Hz范围内受到影响。 具有负斜率幂律行为的GWB信号的可分辨幅度将减少几个数量级。 然而，在低噪声环境中，例如斜率为$\alpha=0$（$\alpha=2/3$）的幂律信号的可分辨性将受到更温和的影响，影响因子为$\sim$6-9（$\sim$3-4）。 此外，我们通过展示瞬态噪声特征对所呈现结果的影响有限，从而增强了我们结果的可信度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We report correlations in underground seismic measurements with horizontal separations of several hundreds of meters to a few kilometers in the frequency range 0.01Hz to 40Hz. These seismic correlations could threaten science goals of planned interferometric gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope as well as atom interferometers such as MIGA and ELGAR. We use seismic measurements from four different sites, i.e. the former Homestake mine (USA) as well as two candidate sites for the Einstein Telescope, Sos Enattos (IT) and Euregio Maas-Rhein (NL-BE-DE) and the site housing the MIGA detector, LSBB (FR). At all sites, we observe significant coherence for at least 50% of the time in the majority of the frequency region of interest. Based on the observed correlations in the seismic fields, we predict levels of correlated Newtonian noise from body waves. We project the effect of correlated Newtonian noise from body waves on the capabilities of the triangular design of the Einstein Telescope's to observe an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) and find that, even in case of the most quiet site, its sensitivity will be affected up to $\sim$20Hz. The resolvable amplitude of a GWB signal with a negatively sloped power-law behaviour would be reduced by several orders of magnitude. However, the resolvability of a power-law signal with a slope of e.g. $\alpha=0$ ($\alpha=2/3$) would be more moderately affected by a factor $\sim$ 6-9 ($\sim$3-4) in case of a low noise environment. Furthermore, we bolster confidence in our results by showing that transient noise features have a limited impact on the presented results.