仪器与探测器
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显示 2025年07月21日， 星期一 新的列表
- [1] arXiv:2507.13545 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 一种用于测试光电倍增管湿度耐受性的简单装置标题： A Simple Apparatus for Testing PMT Humidity Tolerance评论： 9页，7图主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex)
我们报告一种低成本装置，用于将光电倍增管（PMT）测试设置扩展到高湿度和/或高温环境下的操作。 此设置允许确定光电倍增管是否可以在高湿度环境中长时间成功运行，例如水契伦科夫探测器的水线区域。
We report on a low-cost apparatus to extend a photomultiplier tube (PMT) testing setup to operations at high humidity and/or at an elevated temperature. This setup allows a determination of whether a PMT can successfully operate for an extended period of time in a high-humidity environment, such as the waterline of a water Cherenkov detector.
- [2] arXiv:2507.13815 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 4H-SiC PIN探测器用于从室温到90°C的α粒子标题： 4H-SiC PIN detector for alpha particles from room temperature to 90 °C主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)
在高能粒子探测领域，处于高辐射环境中的探测器主要面临与功耗和冷却系统相关的高昂成本。因此，开发能够在室温甚至高温下稳定工作的粒子探测器具有重要意义。由于碳化硅（SiC）具有优异的载流子迁移率、抗辐射能力和热稳定性，它在粒子探测应用中展现出显著的潜力。在过去十年中，碳化硅外延生长技术和器件加工技术的重大突破，使得基于SiC的粒子探测器得以开发，为高温环境下的粒子探测提供了一种新的技术途径。在本工作中，我们制造了一个4H-SiC PIN探测器，命名为SIlicon CARbide（SICAR），并对其漏电流、电容和电荷收集性能在不同温度下进行了表征。结果表明，该探测器在90 C时保持非常低的漏电流（< 10 nA），耗尽电容和电荷收集性能没有退化。此外，它在90 C时实现了333 ps的快速上升时间，证实了其在高温辐射探测应用中的潜力。
In the field of high-energy particle detection, detectors operating in high-radiation environments primarily face high costs associated with power consumption and cooling systems. Therefore, the development of particle detectors capable of stable operation at room temperature or even elevated temperatures is of great significance. Silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits significant potential for particle detector applications due to its exceptional carrier mobility, radiation hardness, and thermal stability. Over the past decade, significant breakthroughs in silicon carbide epitaxial growth technology and device processing techniques have enabled the development of SiC-based particle detectors, providing a new technological pathway for particle detection in high-temperature environments. In this work, we fabricate a 4H-SiC PIN detector, named SIlicon CARbide (SICAR) and characterize its leakage current, capacitance, and charge collection across varying temperatures. The results indicate that the detector maintains a very low leakage current (< 10 nA) at 90 C, with no degradation in depletion capacitance or charge collection performance. Additionally, it achieves a fast rise time of 333 ps at 90 C, confirming its potential for high-temperature radiation detection applications.
- [3] arXiv:2507.13864 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： μ子在液态氧不透明闪烁体探测器中的跟踪标题： Muon tracking in a LiquidO opaque scintillator detectorLiquidO Collaboration: J. Apilluelo, L. Asquith, E. F. Bannister, N. P. Barradas, C. L. Baylis, J. L. Beney, M. Berberan e Santos, X. de la Bernardie, T. J. C. Bezerra, M. Bongrand, C. Bourgeois, D. Breton, J. Busto, A. Cabrera, A. Cadiou, E. Calvo, M. de Carlos Generowicz, E. Chauveau, B. J. Cattermole, M. Chen, P. Chimenti, D. F. Cowen, S. Kr. Das, S. Dusini, A. Earle, M. Felizardo, C. Frigerio Martins, J. Galán, J. A. García, A. Gibson-Foster, C. Girard-Carillo, W. C. Griffith, J. J. Gómez-Cadenas, M. Guitière, F. Haddad, J. Hartnell, A. Holin, I. G. Irastorza, I. Jovanovic, A. Kling, L. Koch, P. Lasorak, J. F. Le Du, F. Lefevre, P. Loaiza, J. A. Lock, G. Luzón, J. Maalmi, J. P. Malhado, F. Mantovani, J. G. Marques, C. Marquet, M. Martínez, J. T. Moffat, D. Navas-Nicolás, H. Nunokawa, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, T. Palmeira, C. Palomares, D. Petyt, P. Pillot, A. Pin, J. C. C. Porter, M. S. Pravikoff, S. Richards, N. Rodrigues, M. Roche, R. Rosero, B. Roskovec, M. L. Sarsa, S. Schoppmann, A. Serafini, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, W. Shorrock, M. Silva, L. Simard, S. R. Soleti, D. Stocco, V. Strati, J. S. Stutzmann, F. Suekane, N. Tuccori, A. Verdugo, B. Viaud, S. M. Wakely, A. Weber, G. Wendel, A. S. Wilhelm, A. W. R. Wong, M. Yeh, F. Yermia评论： 20页，7图主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)
LiquidO是一种创新的辐射探测器概念。 核心思想是利用高度散射介质中的随机光约束来自我分割探测器体积。 在本文中，我们展示了在LiquidO不透明闪烁体探测器原型中逐事件的μ子跟踪。 该探测器由一个30毫米立方的闪烁体体积组成，配备了64根波长移位光纤，这些光纤以8$\times$8的网格排列，间距为3.2毫米，并由硅光电倍增管读出。 使用了一种基于石蜡的不透明闪烁体，其散射长度约为0.5毫米。 通过宇宙线μ子对这种LiquidO探测器的跟踪性能进行了表征，结果显示每行光纤的位置分辨率为450 $\mu$m。 这些结果突显了LiquidO不透明闪烁体探测器实现精细空间分辨率的潜力，从而实现了精确的粒子跟踪和成像。
LiquidO is an innovative radiation detector concept. The core idea is to exploit stochastic light confinement in a highly scattering medium to self-segment the detector volume. In this paper, we demonstrate event-by-event muon tracking in a LiquidO opaque scintillator detector prototype. The detector consists of a 30 mm cubic scintillator volume instrumented with 64 wavelength-shifting fibres arranged in an 8$\times$8 grid with a 3.2 mm pitch and read out by silicon photomultipliers. A wax-based opaque scintillator with a scattering length of approximately 0.5 mm is used. The tracking performance of this LiquidO detector is characterised with cosmic-ray muons and the position resolution is demonstrated to be 450 $\mu$m per row of fibres. These results highlight the potential of LiquidO opaque scintillator detectors to achieve fine spatial resolution, enabling precise particle tracking and imaging.
- [4] arXiv:2507.13909 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 基于金刚石-MoS$_2$异质结的自供电、超薄、柔性且可扩展的紫外探测器标题： Self-Powered, Ultra-thin, Flexible, and Scalable Ultraviolet Detector Utilizing Diamond-MoS$_2$ HeterojunctionYicheng Wang, Jixiang Jing, Yumeng Luo, Xiaomin Wang, Kuan Liang, Changsheng Chen, Dong-Keun Ki, Ye Zhu, Zhongqiang Wang, Qi Wang, Kwai Hei Li, Zhiqin Chu主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
随着太空探索、环境监测和农业生产力对紫外线（UV）感测需求的不断增长，需要既环境适应性又机械耐久的探测器。 金刚石具有高带隙和紫外吸收特性、优异的机械/化学稳定性以及良好的热稳定性，成为在各种场景下下一代紫外检测的极具前景的材料。 然而，传统的基于金刚石的紫外探测器受到刚性块状结构和对外部电源的依赖的限制，阻碍了其与弯曲和柔性平台的集成，并由于辅助电源需求而使设备扩展变得复杂。 为了解决这些挑战，本文首次通过异质集成MoS$_2$单层与超薄、自支撑的金刚石膜，展示了一种大规模、自供电且柔性的金刚石紫外探测器。 该器件在零外部偏压下运行，并在220 nm处表现出高达94 mA W$^{-1}$的响应率和5.88 x 109 Jones的检测率。 值得注意的是，机械弯曲能够引起金刚石膜的应变诱导带隙调制，从而实现动态可调的光电响应——这是刚性金刚石对应物所不具备的能力。 为了验证其实用性和可扩展性，展示了一个3x3像素的原理验证紫外成像仪。 这种新开发的配置无疑将为新兴技术提供可扩展、可集成、柔性且成本效益高的紫外感测解决方案开辟新的途径。
The escalating demand for ultraviolet (UV) sensing in space exploration, environmental monitoring, and agricultural productivity necessitates detectors that are both environmentally and mechanically resilient. Diamond, featuring its high bandgap and UV absorption, exceptional mechanical/chemical robustness, and excellent thermal stability, emerges as a highly promising material for next-generation UV detection in various scenarios. However, conventional diamond-based UV detectors are constrained by rigid bulk architectures and reliance on external power supplies, hindering their integration with curved and flexible platforms and complicating device scalability due to auxiliary power requirements. To tackle these challenges, herein, we firstly demonstrated a large-scale, self-powered, and flexible diamond UV detector by heterogeneously integrating a MoS$_2$ monolayer with an ultrathin, freestanding diamond membrane. The fabricated device operates at zero external bias, and simultaneously exhibits a high responsivity of 94 mA W$^{-1}$ at 220 nm, and detectivity of 5.88 x 109 Jones. Notably, mechanical bending enables strain-induced bandgap modulation of the diamond membrane, allowing dynamically tunable photoresponse-a capability absent in rigid diamond counterparts. To validate its practicality and scalability, a proof-of-concept UV imager with 3x3 pixels was demonstrated. This newly developed configuration will undoubtedly open up new routes toward scalable, integrable, flexible, and cost-effective UV sensing solutions for emerging technologies
新提交 (展示 4 之 4 条目 )
- [5] arXiv:2507.13574 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 低温下用于量子计算应用的商用SP4T微机电开关的性能评估标题： Cryogenic Performance Evaluation of Commercial SP4T Microelectromechanical Switch for Quantum Computing Applications主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
超导量子计算机已成为下一代计算的领先平台，提供了卓越的可扩展性和前所未有的计算速度。 然而，将这些系统扩展到数百万个量子比特以用于实际应用带来了重大挑战，特别是由于互连瓶颈。 为解决这一挑战，大量研究集中于开发低温多路复用器，使室温电子设备与量子处理器之间的布线最小化。 本文研究了商用微机电系统（MEMS）开关在大规模量子计算系统中的低温多路复用器的可行性。 通过有限元仿真和实验测量，在低温条件（<10 K）下评估了MEMS开关的直流和射频特性。 我们的结果表明，MEMS开关在低温下表现出改进的导通电阻、较低的工作电压和优越的射频性能，并且能够在1亿次循环以上可靠运行。 此外，在低温条件下实现了稳定的单刀四掷（SP4T）切换和逻辑操作，包括与非门和或非门，验证了其在量子计算中的潜力。 这些结果突显了MEMS开关在实现大规模量子计算系统方面的前景。
Superconducting quantum computers have emerged as a leading platform for next-generation computing, offering exceptional scalability and unprecedented computational speeds. However, scaling these systems to millions of qubits for practical applications poses substantial challenges, particularly due to interconnect bottlenecks. To address this challenge, extensive research has focused on developing cryogenic multiplexers that enable minimal wiring between room-temperature electronics and quantum processors. This paper investigates the viability of commercial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches for cryogenic multiplexers in large-scale quantum computing systems. DC and RF characteristics of the MEMS switches are evaluated at cryogenic temperatures (< 10 K) through finite element simulations and experimental measurements. Our results demonstrate that MEMS switches exhibit improved on-resistance, lower operating voltage, and superior RF performance at cryogenic temperatures, with reliable operation over 100 million cycles. Furthermore, stable single-pole four-throw (SP4T) switching and logical operations, including NAND and NOR gates, are demonstrated at cryogenic temperatures, validating their potential for quantum computing. These results underscore the promise of MEMS switches in realizing large-scale quantum computing systems.
- [6] arXiv:2507.13813 (交叉列表自 physics.optics) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 基于散射的点扩散函数的快照5D和模式可切换无透镜成像标题： Exploiting scattering-based point spread functions for snapshot 5D and modality-switchable lensless imagingZe Zheng, Baolei Liu, Jiaqi Song, Muchen Zhu, Yao Wang, Menghan Tian, Ying Xiong, Zhaohua Yang, Xiaolan Zhong, David McGloin, Fan Wang评论： 10页，7图主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
快照多维成像通过在单次拍摄中同时捕获空间、光谱、偏振和其他信息，为传统低维成像技术提供了一个有前景的替代方案，从而提高了成像速度和采集效率。 然而，现有的快照多维成像系统通常受到其体积大、复杂度高和成本高的限制，这制约了它们的实际应用。 在本工作中，我们提出了一种紧凑的无透镜散射相机用于快照多维成像（Diffuser-mCam），它可以在非相干照明下从单次拍摄的类似斑点的测量中重建五维（5-D）图像。 通过同时利用散射介质和空间复用策略来提取高维光学特征，我们展示了所需光场的多维数据（2D强度分布、光谱、偏振、时间）可以通过散射器编码为一个快照斑点模式，并随后以2.5%的采样率使用压缩感知算法进行解码，消除了多扫描过程的需要。 我们进一步证明，我们的方法可以灵活地在5D和选择性减少维度的成像之间切换，提供了一种有效降低计算资源需求的方法。 我们的工作为快照多维成像提供了一个紧凑、经济且多功能的框架，并为在医学成像、遥感和自主系统等领域的新型成像系统设计开辟了新的机会。
Snapshot multi-dimensional imaging offers a promising alternative to traditional low-dimensional imaging techniques by enabling the simultaneous capture of spatial, spectral, polarization, and other information in a single shot for improved imaging speed and acquisition efficiency. However, existing snapshot multi-dimensional imaging systems are often hindered by their large size, complexity, and high cost, which constrain their practical applicability. In this work, we propose a compact lensless diffuser camera for snapshot multi-dimensional imaging (Diffuser-mCam), which can reconstruct five-dimensional (5-D) images from a single-shot 2D recording of speckle-like measurement under incoherent illumination. By employing both the scattering medium and the space-division multiplexing strategy to extract high-dimensional optical features, we show that the multi-dimensional data (2D intensity distribution, spectral, polarization, time) of the desired light field can be encoded into a snapshot speckle-like pattern via a diffuser, and subsequently decoded using a compressed sensing algorithm at the sampling rate of 2.5%, eliminating the need for multi-scanning processes. We further demonstrate that our method can be flexibly switched between 5D and selectively reduced-dimensional imaging, providing an efficient way of reducing computational resource demands. Our work presents a compact, cost-effective, and versatile framework for snapshot multi-dimensional imaging and opens up new opportunities for the design of novel imaging systems for applications in areas such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and autonomous systems.
交叉提交 (展示 2 之 2 条目 )
- [7] arXiv:2502.02540 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 逐 shot 获取超快电子衍射标题： Shot-to-shot acquisition ultrafast electron diffraction评论： 提交至结构动力学主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
我们展示了一种用于超快散射实验中光学泵浦-千电子伏特电子能量探测的新型逐发采集方法。 我们在传统的超快电子衍射（UED）设置中集成了一个重复频率为20kHz的相位锁定采集方案。 我们进一步对不同配置和现实场景中的噪声水平进行了全面表征。 逐发采集方法将信噪比（SNR）提高了一个数量级，并可轻松应用于其他高重复频率的电子衍射和光谱设置中。
We demonstrate a novel shot-to-shot acquisition method for optical pump - keV electron energy probe in ultrafast scattering experiments. We integrate a phase-locked acquisition scheme at a repetition rate of 20kHz in a conventional ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) setup. We proceed to a full characterization of the noise level in different configurations and for realistic scenarios. The shot-to-shot acquisition improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by one order of magnitude and can be readily implemented in other high-repetition rate electron diffraction and spectroscopy setups.
- [8] arXiv:2505.08736 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 面向结合离散和连续数据的实验读出系统的基础模型标题： Towards Foundation Models for Experimental Readout Systems Combining Discrete and Continuous Data评论： 27页；18图主题： 机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
我们提出了一种(原型)核物理基础模型，能够处理未来电子离子对撞机上成像切连科夫探测器的低级探测器输入。 在已有的下一个标记预测方法的基础上，我们旨在解决现有分词方案可能导致的分辨率损失和条件生成支持有限等潜在挑战。 我们提出了四项关键创新：(i) 通过因果多头交叉注意力（CMHCA）结合离散和连续变量的独立词表， (ii) 通过预先添加的上下文嵌入实现连续运动学条件， (iii) 在不增加联合词表的情况下，实现可扩展且简单的高分辨率连续变量分词，以及 (iv) 通过专家混合实现类别条件生成。 我们的模型实现了切连科夫光子像素和时间序列的快速、高保真生成，通过高性能DIRC中的闭合测试进行了验证。 我们还展示了我们的模型可以推广到重建任务，如介子/K介子识别和噪声过滤，在这些任务中我们展示了其在特定目标下进行微调的能力。
We present a (proto) Foundation Model for Nuclear Physics, capable of operating on low-level detector inputs from Imaging Cherenkov Detectors at the future Electron Ion Collider. Building upon established next-token prediction approaches, we aim to address potential challenges such as resolution loss from existing tokenization schemes and limited support for conditional generation. We propose four key innovations: (i) separate vocabularies for discrete and continuous variates, combined via Causal Multi-Head Cross-Attention (CMHCA), (ii) continuous kinematic conditioning through prepended context embeddings, (iii) scalable and simple, high-resolution continuous variate tokenization without joint vocabulary inflation, and (iv) class conditional generation through a Mixture of Experts. Our model enables fast, high-fidelity generation of pixel and time sequences for Cherenkov photons, validated through closure tests in the High Performance DIRC. We also show our model generalizes to reconstruction tasks such as pion/kaon identification, and noise filtering, in which we show its ability to leverage fine-tuning under specific objectives.