标题： 一种用于钻石中氮空位中心长期脉冲测量的高效荧光单粒子位置追踪系统 显示英文标题

标题： An efficient fluorescent single-particle position tracking system for long-term pulsed measurements of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

摘要： 一种简单便捷的设计实现了对金刚石中氮空位（NV）中心的实时三维位置跟踪。 该系统完全由商用组件组成（单光子计数器、高速数模转换器、基于相敏检测的反馈装置和压电平台），消除了对定制编程或严格优化过程的需求。 结合计数器和跟踪器的大输入范围以及单光子计数的高灵敏度，可以实现高速位置跟踪（在250纳米阶跃位置变化后恢复时间上限为0.9秒），不仅适用于明亮的集合体，也适用于低光子收集效率的单个至几个NV中心。 跟踪只需要10纳米的位置调制，这使得长期同时进行位置跟踪和脉冲测量成为可能。 因此，该跟踪系统即使在没有光子收集优化的情况下，也能以非常高的分辨率测量单自旋磁共振和拉比振荡。 该系统广泛适用于与NV中心量子操控研究相关的各种领域，如NV光学捕获、流体动力学中的NV跟踪以及使用生物细胞内NV中心的生物传感。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A simple and convenient design enables real-time three-dimensional position tracking of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The system consists entirely of commercially available components (a single photon counter, a high-speed digital-to-analog converter, a phase-sensitive detector-based feedback device, and a piezo stage), eliminating the need for custom programming or rigorous optimization processes. With a large input range of counters and trackers combined with the high sensitivity of single-photon counting, high-speed position tracking (upper bound recovery time of 0.9 s upon 250 nm of step-like positional shift) not only of bright ensembles but also of low-photon-collection-efficiency single to few NV centers is possible. The tracking requires position modulation of only 10 nm, which allows simultaneous position tracking and pulsed measurements in the long term. Therefore, this tracking system enables measuring a single spin magnetic resonance and Rabi oscillations at a very high resolution even without photon collection optimization. The system is widely applicable to various fields related to NV centers quantum manipulation research such as NV optical trapping, NV tracking in fluid dynamics, and biological sensing using NV centers inside a biological cell.