标题： 低占用率高压气体TPC的读出电子设备 显示英文标题

标题： Readout electronics for low occupancy High-Pressure Gas TPCs

摘要： HPgTPC具有低能量阈值、磁化能力和4$\pi$接受度等优点，使其成为DUNE等中微子实验的理想选择。我们提出了一个针对ND-GAr的基于FPGA的优化解决方案，ND-GAr是DUNE第二阶段更强大的近探测器的一部分。与通常为更高占用率设计的对撞机读出电子设备相比，这些电子设备显著降低了成本，因此例如需要大量FPGA和每通道的功率。我们在费米实验室的TOAD上展示了我们的电子设备在不同压力和气体混合物（最高达4.5barA）下的性能，从多丝比例室读取约10000个通道。操作于2024年4月至7月进行。我们测量了系统的噪声特性，发现足够低，并确定了可以在下一次迭代中进一步减轻的噪声源。我们还注意到，在全面部署之前，测试中使用的冷却方案需要改进。尽管需要这些改进，但我们证明该系统可以以对撞机读出电子设备价格的一小部分满足HPgTPC的需求。 显示英文摘要

摘要： HPgTPCs have benefits such as low energy threshold, magnetisability, and 4$\pi$ acceptance, making them ideal for neutrino experiments such as DUNE. We present the design of an FPGA-based solution optimised for ND-GAr, which is part of the Phase-II more capable near detector for DUNE. These electronics reduce the cost significantly compared to using collider readout electronics which are typically designed for much higher occupancy and therefore, for example, need much larger numbers of FPGAs and power per channel. We demonstrate the performance of our electronics with the TOAD at Fermilab in the US at a range of pressures and gas mixtures up to 4.5barA, reading out ~10000 channels from a multi-wire proportional chamber. The operation took place between April and July of 2024. We measure the noise characteristics of the system to be sufficiently low and we identify sources of noise that can be further mitigated in the next iteration. We also note that the cooling scheme used in the test requires improvement before full-scale deployment. Despite these necessary improvements, we show that the system can fulfil the needs of a HPgTPC for a fraction of the price of collider readout electronics.