标题： 原子分辨率扫描隧道显微镜中的阿秒电荷转移 显示英文标题

标题： Attosecond charge transfer in atomic-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy

摘要： 电子在原子和分子中的运动发生在阿秒时间尺度上。要解析它们在空间和时间上的量子动力学，需要在此速度下具有高分辨率的显微镜。虽然使用太赫兹脉冲驱动的扫描隧道显微镜（STM）已经可视化了单个原子的亚皮秒运动，但阿秒光脉冲的出现为研究更快的电子动力学提供了途径。然而，结合直接的原子空间分辨率和阿秒时间分辨率仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们揭示了在阿秒光波驱动的STM中单个电子的原子尺度量子运动。来自相位控制光学脉冲合成的近红外单周期波形引导并计时电子隧穿。通过保持探针-样品结的热负荷稳定，从而消除热伪影，我们在亚周期时间尺度上检测到与波形相关的电流。我们的理论与实验联合研究显示，单周期近红外脉冲可以驱动比1飞秒更短的孤立电子波包。隧穿电流的埃尺度衰减标志着多光子和场驱动动力学之间的迷人相互作用。通过平衡这些效应，我们用光波驱动的电流清晰地成像了银表面上的一个铜原子。这种期待已久的阿秒科学与原子尺度STM的融合，使原子、分子和固体中电子的基本动力学能够通过直接的时空视频记录和原子尺度的拍赫兹电子器件进行研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Electrons in atoms and molecules move on attosecond time scales. Deciphering their quantum dynamics in space and time calls for high-resolution microscopy at this speed. While scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) driven with terahertz pulses has visualized sub-picosecond motion of single atoms, the advent of attosecond light pulses has provided access to the much faster electron dynamics. Yet, combining direct atomic spatial and attosecond temporal resolution remained challenging. Here, we reveal atomic-scale quantum motion of single electrons in attosecond lightwave-driven STM. Near-infrared single-cycle waveforms from phase-controlled optical pulse synthesis steer and clock electron tunnelling. By keeping the thermal load of the tip-sample junction stable, thereby eliminating thermal artifacts, we detect waveform-dependent currents on sub-cycle time scales. Our joint theory-experiment campaign shows that single-cycle near-infrared pulses can drive isolated electronic wave packets shorter than 1 fs. The angstrom-scale decay of the tunnelling current earmarks a fascinating interplay of multi-photon and field-driven dynamics. By balancing these effects, we sharply image a single copper adatom on a silver surface with lightwave-driven currents. This long-awaited fusion of attosecond science with atomic-scale STM makes elementary dynamics of electrons inside atoms, molecules and solids accessible to direct spatio-temporal videography and atom-scale petahertz electronics.