标题： 通过非侵入性脑刺激调节任务结果价值以减轻现实世界中的拖延行为 显示英文标题

标题： Modulating task outcome value to mitigate real-world procrastination via noninvasive brain stimulation

摘要： 拖延症是影响个人健康和社会生产力最普遍的行为问题之一。 尽管它通常被概念化为自我控制失败的一种形式，但其潜在的神经认知机制仍不清楚。 一个主要模型认为，拖延症源于竞争性动机的不平衡：避免任务的负面性质和追求任务的积极结果，然而这一理论框架尚未在现实环境中得到充分验证，也未能有效应用于指导干预措施。 在此，我们通过一项预先注册的、双盲随机对照试验来弥补这一差距。 我们对慢性拖延者左侧背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）进行了七次高强度经颅直流电刺激（HD-tDCS），DLPFC是自我控制的关键区域。 使用密集体验采样方法（iESM），我们在离线后效应（2天间隔）和长期保留（6个月随访）中评估阳极HD-tDCS对现实生活中拖延行为的影响。 我们发现这种神经调节在现实生活中产生了持久的拖延减少效果，效果在6个月的随访中仍然存在。 虽然该干预措施同时减少了任务的厌恶感并增加了感知的任务结果价值，但因果中介分析揭示了一个显著的机制：任务结果价值的增加独特且充分地中介了整个行为改善。 总之，这些发现提供了因果证据，表明增强DLPFC功能通过选择性放大未来奖励的价值来减轻拖延症，而不是简单地减少对任务的负面感受。 这建立了一个精确的、以价值为导向的自我控制神经认知通路，并提供了一种经过验证的、基于理论的干预策略。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Procrastination represents one of the most prevalent behavioral problems affecting individual health and societal productivity. Although it is often conceptualized as a form of self-control failure, its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are poorly understood. A leading model posits that procrastination arises from imbalanced competing motivations: the avoidance of negative task aversiveness and the pursuit of positive task outcomes, yet this theoretical framework has not fully validated in real-world settings and not applied effectively to guide interventions. Here, we addressed this gap with a preregistered, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We applied seven sessions of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key region for self-control, in chronic procrastinators. Using the intensive experience sampling method (iESM), we assessed the effect of anodal HD-tDCS on real-world procrastination behavior at offline after-effect (2-day interval) and long-term retention (6-month follow-up). We found that this neuromodulation produced a lasting reduction in real-world procrastination, with effects sustained at a 6-month follow-up. While the intervention both decreased task aversiveness and increased perceived task outcome value, causal mediation analysis revealed a striking mechanism: the increase in task outcome value uniquely and sufficiently mediated the entire behavioral improvement. In conclusion, these findings provide causal evidence that enhancing DLPFC function mitigates procrastination by selectively amplifying the valuation of future rewards, not by simply reducing negative feelings about the task. This establishes a precise, value-driven neurocognitive pathway for self-control and offers a validated, theory-driven strategy for intervention.