标题： 全基因组重测序揭示了用于研究须鲸物种全球迁移和杂交的诊断标记 显示英文标题

标题： Whole genome resequencing reveals diagnostic markers for investigating global migration and hybridization between minke whale species

摘要： 背景：在海洋环境中，由于缺乏绝对的物理障碍，先前隔离的物种之间可以在大范围内发生当代接触，有时甚至可能是跨洋的。[..]在须鲸物种复合体中[..]的迁徙[..]已经得到记录，而且两种物种之间的可育杂交个体和回交个体也已被识别。然而，尚不清楚这是否是受南极生态系统变化驱动的当代事件，还是在进化时间尺度上发生的偶发事件。我们成功地使用了全基因组重测序来鉴定一组诊断SNP，现在可以利用这些SNP来解决这一进化问题。结果：从序列数据中识别出大量在须鲸物种之间表现出固定或几乎固定的等位基因频率差异的SNP。在基因分型平台上建立了五个可能具有诊断意义的标记面板，用于验证等位基因频率；两个面板（26个和24个SNP）区分两种须鲸，三个面板（22个、23个和24个SNP）区分普通须鲸的三个亚种。这些面板经过参考样本集的验证，证明能够准确识别多达三代的回交鲸鱼。结论：这项工作导致开发了一组新的诊断遗传标记，用于解决基因隔离的须鲸物种和亚种之间的跨洋和全球接触问题。这些标记，包括该物种复合体的全球相关遗传参考数据集，现在对研究人员开放[..]。这里使用的这种方法，结合全基因组重测序和高通量基因分型，代表了一种通用方法，可用于为其他物种和种群复合体开发类似工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Background: In the marine environment, where there are few absolute physical barriers, contemporary contact between previously isolated species can occur across great distances, and in some cases, may be inter-oceanic. [..] in the minke whale species complex [...] migrations [..] have been documented and fertile hybrids and back-crossed individuals between both species have also been identified. However, it is not known whether this represents a contemporary event, potentially driven by ecosystem changes in the Antarctic, or a sporadic occurrence happening over an evolutionary time-scale. We successfully used whole genome resequencing to identify a panel of diagnostic SNPs which now enable us address this evolutionary question. Results: A large number of SNPs displaying fixed or nearly fixed allele frequency differences among the minke whale species were identified from the sequence data. Five panels of putatively diagnostic markers were established on a genotyping platform for validation of allele frequencies; two panels (26 and 24 SNPs) separating the two species of minke whale, and three panels (22, 23, and 24 SNPs) differentiating the three subspecies of common minke whale. The panels were validated against a set of reference samples, demonstrating the ability to accurately identify back-crossed whales up to three generations. Conclusions: This work has resulted in the development of a panel of novel diagnostic genetic markers to address inter-oceanic and global contact among the genetically isolated minke whale species and sub-species. These markers, including a globally relevant genetic reference data set for this species complex, are now openly available for researchers [..]. The approach used here, combining whole genome resequencing and high-throughput genotyping, represents a universal approach to develop similar tools for other species and population complexes.