标题： 贝尔不等式和意大利语语料中的纠缠 显示英文标题

标题： Bell's Inequalities and Entanglement in Corpora of Italian Language

摘要： 我们分析了最近使用意大利语语料库对概念组合进行的三项信息检索测试的结果。这些测试的形式为“贝尔型测试”，旨在识别两个概念组合或构成中的“量子纠缠”。在前两个测试中，我们研究了“动物表演”的意大利语翻译，而在第三个测试中，我们研究了“动物吃食物”的意大利语翻译。我们在所有测试中发现了贝尔不等式的显著违反。经验模式证实了使用英语语料库获得的结果，这表明在概念形成过程中存在独立于语言的深层结构。贝尔不等式的系统性违反表明了纠缠的存在，事实上，我们在此为收集的数据提出了一个“希尔伯特空间中的量子模型”。这项调查支持了我们关于纠缠作为“上下文更新”现象的理论假设，无论涉及实体的本质是微观物理还是概念语言。最后，这些发现使我们能够进一步澄清贝尔型情境下纠缠、基瑞尔松边界和无信号传递之间的相互关系。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We analyze the results of three information retrieval tests on conceptual combinations that we have recently performed using corpora of Italian language. The tests have the form of a 'Bell-type test' and were aimed at identifying 'quantum entanglement' in the combination, or composition, of two concepts. In the first two tests, we studied the Italian translation of the combination 'The Animal Acts', while in the third test, we studied the Italian translation of the combination 'The Animal eats the Food'. We found a significant violation of Bell's inequalities in all tests. Empirical patterns confirm the results obtained with corpora of English language, which indicates the existence of deep structures in concept formation that are language-independent. The systematic violation of Bell's inequalities suggests the presence of entanglement and, indeed, we elaborate here a 'quantum model in Hilbert space' for the collected data. This investigation supports our theoretical hypothesis about entanglement as a phenomenon of 'contextual updating', independently of the nature, micro-physical or conceptual linguistic, of the entities involved. Finally, these findings allow us to further clarify the mutual relationships between entanglement, Cirel'son's bound, and no-signaling in Bell-type situations.