标题： 在通过非侵入性脑机接口观看自我中心视频时自发的空间认知出现 显示英文标题

标题： Spontaneous Spatial Cognition Emerges during Egocentric Video Viewing through Non-invasive BCI

摘要： 人类具有非凡的空间认知能力，使他们即使在新奇或不熟悉的环境中也能进行自我定位。 尽管编码位置和方向的海马神经元已被广泛记录，但支持空间表征的大规模神经动态，特别是在自然、被动体验期间，仍知之甚少。 在这里，我们首次证明基于脑电图（EEG）的非侵入性脑机接口（BCIs）可以在被动观看第一人称视频时解码自发的、细粒度的自我中心6D姿态，包括三维位置和方向。 尽管EEG的空间分辨率有限且信号噪声高，但我们发现空间一致的视觉输入（即连续且结构化的运动）能可靠地引发可解码的空间表征，与参与者的主观空间参与感一致。 当视觉输入以每张图像100毫秒的帧率呈现时，解码性能进一步提高，表明与内在神经时间动态相一致。 通过神经解码模型进行基于梯度的反向传播，我们确定了对位置和方向特定成分有贡献的不同EEG通道，揭示了一种分布但互补的神经编码方案。 这些发现表明，即使在被动条件下，大脑的空间系统也会自发且持续地运作，这挑战了主动和被动空间认知之间的传统区分。 我们的结果提供了一个非侵入性的窗口，用于观察自我中心空间地图的自动构建，并推进了我们对人类思维如何将日常感官体验转化为结构化内部表征的理解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Humans possess a remarkable capacity for spatial cognition, allowing for self-localization even in novel or unfamiliar environments. While hippocampal neurons encoding position and orientation are well documented, the large-scale neural dynamics supporting spatial representation, particularly during naturalistic, passive experience, remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography (EEG) can decode spontaneous, fine-grained egocentric 6D pose, comprising three-dimensional position and orientation, during passive viewing of egocentric video. Despite EEG's limited spatial resolution and high signal noise, we find that spatially coherent visual input (i.e., continuous and structured motion) reliably evokes decodable spatial representations, aligning with participants' subjective sense of spatial engagement. Decoding performance further improves when visual input is presented at a frame rate of 100 ms per image, suggesting alignment with intrinsic neural temporal dynamics. Using gradient-based backpropagation through a neural decoding model, we identify distinct EEG channels contributing to position -- and orientation specific -- components, revealing a distributed yet complementary neural encoding scheme. These findings indicate that the brain's spatial systems operate spontaneously and continuously, even under passive conditions, challenging traditional distinctions between active and passive spatial cognition. Our results offer a non-invasive window into the automatic construction of egocentric spatial maps and advance our understanding of how the human mind transforms everyday sensory experience into structured internal representations.